Pulmonary Hypertension In Children Flashcards
Primary pulmonary vascular disease
It’s is a progressive, (reversible or irreversible?) , vascular change similar to ____________ but _________
irreversible; eisemenger
no shunts
Aetiology of Pulmonary hypertension in children
1)increased pulmonary blood flow due to _______________
2) Alveolar hypoxia caused by __________ disease, ————————————, disorders of the chest wall, cns , etc
3) Pulmonary ___________________
large left to right shunts
parenchyma; upper or lower airway obstruction
Venous obstruction
Alveolar hypoxia is ____________ argumented by _________
Vasoconstriction
Acidosis
Physiology of pulmonary hypertension
Avoided by the balance of several factors such as ??
Pulmonary vascular resistance
Pulmonary blood flow
Hormonal Control
Pulmonary vascular resistance is determined by the ____________________ of the arteries and arterioles
Varies with _________,________, and __________
cross sectional area
hypoxia, acidosis , high altitude
Consequences of Pulmonary hypertension
•Increased _________________
•__________ right ventricle and right ventricular _______
•________________ dysfunction from _______ shift of the ________
•Decreased _________ and ____tension
Further increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure and left atrial pressure
right ventricular pressure
Dilated; failure
Left ventricular; leftward; septum
Cardiac output; hypo
Heath Edwards Classification
Reversible is from ____ to _____
Irreversible is from ____ to ____
Grade 1-3
Grade 4-6
Eisemenger Syndrome
Increased _________________ leading to ________________________________________ leading to cyanosis
pulmonary pressure
reversal of left to right shunt across a large defect
Predisposing factors to Eisemenger syndrome : ______________________
large left to right shunts
Eisenmenger syndrome is more common in which?
ASD or AVSD
AVSD Than ASD
Clinical features of Eisenmeger syndrome
____________
Lethargy
_______ pain
___________
Peripheral edema
History of a _____________
Symptoms of _____ disorder
Hemoptysis
__________
__________
_______ _______
Exertional dyspnea
Chest; Syncope
heart defect; lung
Cyanosis; tachypnea; digital clubbing
Complications of Eisenmenger syndrome
Pulmonary hypertensive crisis
Cor pulmonale
Haemoptysis
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Stroke
Infective endocarditis
Cerebral Abscess
.
Elimination of the cause can reverse pulmonary artery hypertension in __________________, __________________, __________________
Upper airway obstruction
Left to right shunts
Pulmonary venous obstruction
Primary PAH is progressive and fatal
T/F
T
Eisemenger is Reversible
T/F
F
Irreversible
