Types of movement at the Synovial Joints

Question 1

What are the 4 main categories of movement at Synovial joints?

Answer 1

1: Gliding
2: Angular Movement
3: Rotation
4: Special movements which only occur at certain joints

Question 2

What is The Gliding movement in joints in general?

Answer 2

This is where nearly flat bones move back and forth and from side to side with respect to each other.

Question 3

What is angular movement in joints?

Answer 3

This is when there is an increase or decrease in the articulating bones.

Question 4

What is angular movement in joints?

Answer 4

This is when there is an increase or decrease of the angle in the articulating bones.

Question 5

What are the major types of Angular movements?

Answer 5

This includes:
Extension, Flexion.
Lateral flexion, hyperextension.
Adduction, Abduction, Circumlocution.

Question 6

What are Flexion and Extension?

Answer 6

These are opposite movements:
When Flexion occurs there is a decrease in the angle between the articulating bones.

When Extension occurs there is an increase in the angle of articulating bones.

Question 7

Why are Gliding movements limited in range?

Answer 7

Because the structure of the articular capsule and associated ligaments and bones.

Question 8

What is the other type of movement that can be combined with gliding?

Answer 8

Rotational movements.

Question 9

What plane of the body does Flexion and Extension occur in?

Answer 9

The Sagittal plane.

There are a few Exceptions of “Flexion of the Thumb”.

Question 10

What is the movement along the Frontal plane involving the “Intervetebral joints”?

Answer 10

This movements is called “Lateral Flexion”.

Question 11

What is Hyperextension?

Answer 11

This is the movement of the body beyond the anatomical position.

Question 12

What is Circumduction?

Answer 12

Is the movement of the Distal end of a body part in a circle.
This is not an isolated movement but a sequence of:
Flexion, Abduction, Extension, Adduction, rotation of the joint.

Question 13

Instead of the midline what is used for a point of reference for the adduction and abduction of the Digits?

Answer 13

An imaginary line drawn from the middle digit of the hand.

Question 14

What is another name for Adduction?

Answer 14

Ulnar Deviation.

Question 15

What is another name for Abduction?

Answer 15

Radial Deviation.

Question 16

What is the point of reference for the movement of the thumb?

Answer 16

The Palm of the hand on the Sagittal plane.

Question 17

How is Hyperextension usually prevented in hinge joints?

Answer 17

It is prevented from the Ligaments and the anatomical alignment of the bones.

Question 18

What is an example of Hyperextension?

Answer 18

When the wrist goes backwards to shoot a basketball.

Question 19

How is Hyperextension usually prevented in hinge joints?

Answer 19

It is prevented from the Ligaments and the anatomical alignment of the bones.

Question 20

What is Rotation of a Joint?

Answer 20

This is when a bone revolves around its own Longitudinal axis.

Question 21

What are some examples of Rotational Movements at joints?

Answer 21

This includes the rotating left to right at the Atlanto-Axial joint.

Question 22

What is considered Medial Rotation (Internal)?

Answer 22

This is when the Anterior surface of the limb is turned toward the midline of the body.

Question 23

What is considered lateral Rotation (External)?

Answer 23

If the Anterior surface of the limb is turned away from the midline.

Question 24

What are the special movements of the joints?

Answer 24

All the special movements are:
Elevation, Depression. 
Protraction, Retraction. 
Inversion, eversion. 
Dorsiflexion, Planter flexion. 
Supination, Pronation and Opposition.

Question 25

What is Elevation and where does it occur?

Answer 25

This is a Superior movement of a body part such as closing the mouth at the (TMJ).
Or Elevation of the Shoulders by shrugging them at the AC joint.

Question 26

What is Depression of a joint in the body and where would it occur?

Answer 26

This is an Inferior motion of a body part like when you open your mouth to bring the mandible downwards.

Question 27

What is protraction of a joint in the body and where would it occur?

Answer 27

This is an Anterior motion on the transverse plane.
For example when you push your mandible forward at the (TMJ).
its Opposing motion is Retraction.

Question 28

What is retraction of a joint and where would it occur in the body?

Answer 28

This is an Posterior movement along the Transverse plane and only occurs in joints of the body that are protracted to bring them back to anatomical position.

Question 29

what is inversion and What joints does it occur at?

Answer 29

This is an inward movement of the sole of the foot medially at the “Inter-tarsal joints”.

Question 30

What would supination of the foot consist of?

Answer 30

For this to occur the foot performs invert and planter flex to “Supinate”.

Question 31

What is Eversion in the body?

Answer 31

This is a lateral movement of the sole at the Inter tarsal joint.

Question 32

How would the foot perform Pronation?

Answer 32

The foot would have to undergo dorsiflexion and Eversion to perform “Pronation”.

Question 33

What is Planter Flexion?

Answer 33

This is when the Sole of the foot Extends away from the leg.

Question 34

What is Dorsiflexion?

Answer 34

This is when the Sole of the foot Flexes towards the leg.

Question 35

What is Supination and where would it occur?

Answer 35

This is the movement of the palm anteriorly.

Its opposing movement is Pronation.

Question 36

What is Pronation and where can it occur?

Answer 36

This is the movement of the palm of the hand posteriorly.
This occurs at the Proximal and distal end of the radius and ulna. The distal end of the radius crosses over the distal end of the ulna.

Question 37

what is Opposition and where does it occur?

Answer 37

This is the movement of the Thumb at the Carpalmetacarpal joint in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers of the same hand.

Question 38

What are all of the Angular movements at Synovial Joints?

Answer 38

Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Hyperextension, Lateral Flexion, Circumduction.