Knee Joint

Question 1

What is the Definition of the Knee Joint?

Answer 1

It is the largest most complex joint, Modified hinge joint, 3 joints within a single Synovial cavity.

Question 2

what is another name for the Knee Joint?

Answer 2

It is also referred to as the Tibiofemoral joint.

Question 3

Why is the Knee joint the most complicated in the body?

Answer 3

This is because it is a Modified Hinge Joint.

Its primary movement is Uniaxial hinge movement that consist of 3 Joints within a single Synovial Cavity.

Question 4

What are the 3 Joints of the Knee Joint?

Answer 4

1: Laterally is a TibioFemoral Joint
2: Intermediately is a Patellofemoral Joint
3: Medially is a Tibiofemoral Joint

Question 5

What are the Anatomical Components of the Knee Joint?

Answer 5

1: Articular Capsule
2: Medial and lateral Patellar Retinacula
3: Patellar Ligament
4: oblique popliteal Ligament
5: Arcuate popliteal ligament
6: Tibial Collateral Ligament
7: Fibular Collateral Ligament
8: Intracapsular Ligaments
9: Articular Disc / Meniscus
10: Bursae of the knee joint

Question 6

What are injuries that can occur to the knee?

Answer 6

Dislocation, Swelling.

Question 7

Why is the knee joint the most easily Damaged?

Answer 7

This is because it is the most mobile, weight bearing and its stability depends mostly on the Associated ligaments and muscles.

Question 8

What does the Articular Capsule look like on the Knee joint?

Answer 8

There is no one Capsule and most of the sheath surrounding the Joint is made up of Muscle tendons or their expansions.
There are few Capsular fibres connecting the articulating bones.

Question 9

What does the Medial And Lateral Patellar Retinacula look like?

Answer 9

These are Fused tendons of the Quad Femurs muscle that help strengthen the anterior portion of the joint.

Question 10

What does the Patellar Ligament look like?

Answer 10

It extends from the Patella to the Tibial Tuberosity and Is separated from the Synovial membrane by the Inter-patellar Fat pad.

Question 11

What is the Oblique Popliteal Ligament?

Answer 11

This is a flat broad Ligament that extends form the Inter-condylar fossa and lateral condyle of the femur to the head and medial condyle of the Tibia.
Used for strengthening of the posterior surface of the knee joint?

Question 12

What does the Arcuate popliteal ligament look like?

Answer 12

Extends from the lateral condyle of the femur - to the styloid process of the of the head of the Fibula.
It helps strengthen the lower lateral surface of the joint.

Question 13

What does the Tibial collateral ligament look like?

Answer 13

Is a broad flat ligament on the medial surface of the joint extending from the medial condyle of the femur - to the medial portion of the Tibia.

Question 14

What does the Fibular collateral ligament look like?

Answer 14

A strong rounded ligament on the lateral surface of the joint.
It extends from the lateral condyle of the femur - to the lateral side of the head of the fibula.
It strengthens the lateral aspect of the joint.

Question 15

What are the Intra-capsular Ligaments?

Answer 15

There is the (ACL) Anterior cruciate ligament - and the (PCL) posterior cruciate ligament.

Question 16

What are the Articular Disc of the knee joint?

Answer 16

There is a Medial disc and a lateral disc.

Question 17

What are the bursae of the knee joint?

Answer 17

There is Prepatellar bursa, Infrapatellar Bursa and a Suprapatellar Bursa.

Question 18

Where is the Prepatellar Bursa located?

Answer 18

Between the Apex of the patella and the skin.

Question 19

Where does the ACL attach?

Answer 19

It extends Posteriorly and laterally from a point anterior to the Intercondylar space - to the Medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur.

Question 20

Where does the PCL attach?

Answer 20

Extends anteriorly and medially from a depression on the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia lateral to the medial disc - to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur.

Question 21

Where is the Infrapatellar Bursa located?

Answer 21

Between the superior part of the tibia and patellar ligament.
Just Superior to the Tibial Tuberosity.

Question 22

What is the ligament in the knee that is stretched or torn in about 70% of all knee injuries.

Answer 22

The ACL.

Question 23

What is the ligament in the knee that is stretched or torn in about 70% of all knee injuries.

Answer 23

The ACL.

Question 24

Where does the Medial Disc attach?

Answer 24

Its anterior end is attached anteriorly to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. And the posterior end is attached to the Posterior end of the Intercondylar Eminence.
This is anterior to the ACL and also anterior to the PCL.

Question 25

Where does the Lateral Disc attach?

Answer 25

Its anterior end is attached to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia - and the inferior end is attached anteriorly to the posterior attachment of the medial disc also in the Intercondylar eminence.

Question 26

What is the PCL used for?

Answer 26

It is used for preventing posterior sliding of the knee joint when the knee is in the flexed position.

Question 27

What does the medial Disc look like?

Answer 27

It is a Semicircular C shaped piece of fibrocartilage.

Question 28

What does the Lateral Disc look like?

Answer 28

It is a Nearly circular piece of fibrocartilage.

Almost an O shape.

Question 29

What attaches the 2 Articular Disc in the knee joint?

Answer 29

The Transverse ligament of the knee.