Knee Joint Flashcards
What is the Definition of the Knee Joint?
It is the largest most complex joint, Modified hinge joint, 3 joints within a single Synovial cavity.
what is another name for the Knee Joint?
It is also referred to as the Tibiofemoral joint.
Why is the Knee joint the most complicated in the body?
This is because it is a Modified Hinge Joint.
Its primary movement is Uniaxial hinge movement that consist of 3 Joints within a single Synovial Cavity.
What are the 3 Joints of the Knee Joint?
1: Laterally is a TibioFemoral Joint
2: Intermediately is a Patellofemoral Joint
3: Medially is a Tibiofemoral Joint
What are the Anatomical Components of the Knee Joint?
1: Articular Capsule
2: Medial and lateral Patellar Retinacula
3: Patellar Ligament
4: oblique popliteal Ligament
5: Arcuate popliteal ligament
6: Tibial Collateral Ligament
7: Fibular Collateral Ligament
8: Intracapsular Ligaments
9: Articular Disc / Meniscus
10: Bursae of the knee joint
What are injuries that can occur to the knee?
Dislocation, Swelling.
Why is the knee joint the most easily Damaged?
This is because it is the most mobile, weight bearing and its stability depends mostly on the Associated ligaments and muscles.
What does the Articular Capsule look like on the Knee joint?
There is no one Capsule and most of the sheath surrounding the Joint is made up of Muscle tendons or their expansions.
There are few Capsular fibres connecting the articulating bones.
What does the Medial And Lateral Patellar Retinacula look like?
These are Fused tendons of the Quad Femurs muscle that help strengthen the anterior portion of the joint.
What does the Patellar Ligament look like?
It extends from the Patella to the Tibial Tuberosity and Is separated from the Synovial membrane by the Inter-patellar Fat pad.
What is the Oblique Popliteal Ligament?
This is a flat broad Ligament that extends form the Inter-condylar fossa and lateral condyle of the femur to the head and medial condyle of the Tibia.
Used for strengthening of the posterior surface of the knee joint?
What does the Arcuate popliteal ligament look like?
Extends from the lateral condyle of the femur - to the styloid process of the of the head of the Fibula.
It helps strengthen the lower lateral surface of the joint.
What does the Tibial collateral ligament look like?
Is a broad flat ligament on the medial surface of the joint extending from the medial condyle of the femur - to the medial portion of the Tibia.
What does the Fibular collateral ligament look like?
A strong rounded ligament on the lateral surface of the joint.
It extends from the lateral condyle of the femur - to the lateral side of the head of the fibula.
It strengthens the lateral aspect of the joint.
What are the Intra-capsular Ligaments?
There is the (ACL) Anterior cruciate ligament - and the (PCL) posterior cruciate ligament.
What are the Articular Disc of the knee joint?
There is a Medial disc and a lateral disc.
What are the bursae of the knee joint?
There is Prepatellar bursa, Infrapatellar Bursa and a Suprapatellar Bursa.
Where is the Prepatellar Bursa located?
Between the Apex of the patella and the skin.
Where does the ACL attach?
It extends Posteriorly and laterally from a point anterior to the Intercondylar space - to the Medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur.
Where does the PCL attach?
Extends anteriorly and medially from a depression on the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia lateral to the medial disc - to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur.
Where is the Infrapatellar Bursa located?
Between the superior part of the tibia and patellar ligament.
Just Superior to the Tibial Tuberosity.
What is the ligament in the knee that is stretched or torn in about 70% of all knee injuries.
The ACL.
What is the ligament in the knee that is stretched or torn in about 70% of all knee injuries.
The ACL.
Where does the Medial Disc attach?
Its anterior end is attached anteriorly to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. And the posterior end is attached to the Posterior end of the Intercondylar Eminence.
This is anterior to the ACL and also anterior to the PCL.
Where does the Lateral Disc attach?
Its anterior end is attached to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia - and the inferior end is attached anteriorly to the posterior attachment of the medial disc also in the Intercondylar eminence.
What is the PCL used for?
It is used for preventing posterior sliding of the knee joint when the knee is in the flexed position.
What does the medial Disc look like?
It is a Semicircular C shaped piece of fibrocartilage.
What does the Lateral Disc look like?
It is a Nearly circular piece of fibrocartilage.
Almost an O shape.
What attaches the 2 Articular Disc in the knee joint?
The Transverse ligament of the knee.
