Shoulder Joint Flashcards
What is the Definition of the Shoulder joint?
It is a Ball and Socket Joint formed by the Head of the Humerus and the glenoid Cavity of the Scapula.
What are other names for the shoulder Joint?
Glenohumeral Joint and Humeroscapular.
What types of movements can the Shoulder joint perform?
The Shoulder joint allows for Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, internal and External Rotation, Hyperextension, Circumduction.
What are all of the Anatomical Components of the Shoulder Joint?
1: Articular capsule
2: Coracohumeral ligament
3: Glenohumeral Ligament
4: Transvers Humeral Ligament
5: Glenoid Labrum
6: Bursae
Why is the Shoulder joint the most freely moveable?
This is because the Articular capsule is looser then other joints and because of the shallowness of the Glenoid cavity of the Scapula.
Where does most of the strength of the Shoulder joint come from?
Although ligaments of the joint give it some support most of the strength of the Joint comes form the muscles surrounding the Joint (Rotator Cuff Muscles).
What are the components of the Articular Capsule of the Shoulder Joint?
A thin loose sac that completely envelopes the joint.
It extends from the Glenoid Cavity to the Anatomical neck of the Humerus containing Synovial Fluid inside.
What are the Components of the Coracohumeral Ligament of the Shoulder Joint?
Its a strong broad ligament that strengthens the Superior and Anterior portion of the Articular Capsule.
Extends from the lateral aspect of the Coracoid process of the Scapula to the greater Tubercle.
What are the Components of the Glenohumeral Ligament of the Shoulder joint?
There are 3 thickenings of this ligament and the Super portion attaches from glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle.
Middle portion to the neck of the humerus.
The inferior portion attaches to the Proximal head/ Neck junction.
The middle portion is sometimes absent but play a role in stabilizing the joint when it approaches or exceeds its limits of motion.
What is the Transverse Humeral Ligament of the shoulder joint?
It is a Narrow sheet extending from the Greater tubercle to the lesser tubercle.
Functioning as a Retinaculum to hold the long head of the Bicep Brachii muscle.
What is the Glenoid Labrum of the Shoulder Joint?
It is a Narrow rim of Fibrocartilage around the edge of the Glenoid cavity.
It slightly deepens and enlarges the Glenoid cavity.
What ligaments in the shoulder Joint are sometimes Absent or Indistinct?
The 3 thickenings of the Glenohumeral ligament.
How many bursae are associated with the Shoulder joint?
There are 4 in the Shoulder joint.
What are the names of the Bursae in the Shoulder Joint?
1: Subacromial bursae
2: SubScapular bursae
3: Sub deltoid Bursae
4: Sub coracoid Bursae
What are the Common injuries you can get to your shoulder?
Rotator cuff injury, Dislocated shoulder, Separated Shoulder, Torn Glenoid Labrum.
What is a Rotator Cuff injury and what does it involve?
This is a Strain or tear of a rotator Cuff muscle.
What can increase the wearing out of the Supraspinatous tendon?
Things such as Poor posture, Aging, improper lifting, overuse.
Why is the Supraspinatous Tendon the most Exposed to Wear and tear?
This is because of its location between the Humerus and the Acromion.
What is a Dislocation of the Shoulder joint and what does it involve?
Most of the time it is a inferior displacement of the head of the humerus, this is where the articular cartilage is protected the least.
How do you treat a Joint Dislocation?
You treat it with Rest, ice, pain meds, Manuel manipulation, or Surgery.
What is a Separated Shoulder and how does it occur?
This is not actually a condition to the Shoulder joint bu the A/C Joint.
This is result of forceful trauma to the shoulder joint.
What are the treatment options for a Separated Shoulder?
These are similar to a Dislocation but Surgery intervention is RARLY needed.
What is the Condition of a Torn Glenoid labrum?
This is when the Fibrocartilage Labrum tears away from the glenoid cavity where it sits.
The Joint may feel like it is slipping out of place and may result in a Dislocation as well.
How do you treat a torn Glenoid Labrum?
The Labrum must be surgically sutured back and with anchors.
What are all the Shoulder Joints besides the Glenohumeral Joint?
Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Scapulothoracic articulation
What is the resting position of the sternoclavicular joint?
Arm by side.
What is the closed packed position of the Sternoclavicular joint?
Full elevation.
What is the Capsular pattern for the Sternoclavicular joint?
pain on extreme range, especially horizontal abduction and full elevation.
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular Joint?
Synovial, Saddle.
What are the types of movements the clavicle perform?
elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, rotation (*movements of clavicle result of scapula movement)
What are the supporting structures of the S/C joint?
Fibrocartilage disc, S/C ligament, Interclavicular ligament, Costcoclavicular ligament.
What are the details of the Fibrocartilage disc of the S/C joint?
Attached superiorly to medial clavicle and inferiorly to manubrium and first rib.
Functions as shock absorber
What are the ligaments of the S/C joint?
S/C ligament, Interclavicular ligament, Costcoclavicular ligament.
What is the S/C ligament?
Attaches sternum, clavicle and disc.
Prevents anterior and posterior displacement
What is the Interclavicular ligament?
Attaches clavicle to clavicle
Prevents superior and lateral displacement
What is the Costcoclavicular ligament?
Attaches first rib and inferior clavicle
Prevents superior and lateral displacement
What is the resting position of the A/C joint?
Arm by side.
What is the Closed packed position of the A/C joint?
90* abduction.
What would a capsular pattern for the A/C joint be?
pain on extreme range, especially horizontal abduction and full elevation.
What type of joint is the A/C joint?
Synovial & plane joint.
What are the supporting structures of the A/C joint?
Fibrocartilage disc, A/C ligament.
What are the details of the Fibrocartilage disc of the A/C joint?
Attaches superior to lateral clavicle and inferior to acromion
Functions as shock absorber
What are the details of the A/C ligament of the A/C joint?
Attaches acromion and clavicle
Prevents lateral and superior displacement
Extracapsular
What is the resting position of the Glenohumeral joint?
55° Abduction, 30° Horizontal adduction.
What is the closed packed position of the Shoulder joint (glenohhumeral joint)?
Full abduction & lateral rotation.
What would the capsular pattern be for the Shoulder joint?
Lateral rotation, abduction and medial rotation.
What are the supporting structures of the shoulder joint?
Joint capsule, Glenoid labrum, NO Articular Disc, Glenohumeral ligament, Coracohumeral ligament, Coracoacromial ligament.
What are the details of the Joint capsule of the Shoulder joint?
Weaker at the bottom and attaches from the edge of the glenoid cavity to the Neck of the Humerus.
What are the details of the Glenohumeral ligament?
Attaches glenoid fossa and humerus
Prevents anterior displacement
3 parts: superior, middle, inferior
Extends from the Anterior portion of the Glenoid cavity of the scapula - to the head of the humerus.
What are the details of the Coracohumeral ligament?
Attaches superiorly across GH joint and anatomical neck of humerus to the coracoids process
Provides superior reinforcement
Extending form the lateral portion of the coracoid process - to the Greater tubercle blending with the Supraspinatus tendon.
What are the details of the Coracoacromial ligament?
Attaches coracoid process and acromion
Provides superior reinforcement
Creates the Coracoacromial Arch
What are the details of the Coracoacromial Arch?
Attaches coracoid process and acromion
includes coracoacromial ligament
Provides superior reinforcement
What are the details of the Coracoclavicular ligament?
Coracoclavicular ligament
Conoid
- Attaches medial coracoid process and clavicle
- Prevents superior displacement
Trapezoid
- Attaches lateral coracoid process and clavicle
- Prevents superior displacement
What are the structures that form the Coracoacromial Arch?
Formed by the Coracoid process and the Acromial process, held together by the Coracoacrmial ligament.
What is the Coracoacromial ligament used for in the shoulder?
This structure is good for Preventing Superior Displacement/ Dislocation of the Head of the Humerus.
It is also good for protecting the Superior portion of the shoulder From direct trauma.
What is the Coracoclavicular ligament used for in the Shoulder?
It is used for connecting the Clavicle and Coracoid process of the Scapula.
Helps prevent vertical displacement of the scapula with respect to the Clavicle.
When the Glenohumeral Joint is relaxed where does the Head of the Humerus Sit?
It sits in the middle of the Glenoid cavity.
What is the Superior Glenohumeral ligaments Role in the joint?
This portion of the Glenohumeral Ligament is used for:
limiting inferior translation in adduction.
It also restrains anterior translation and lateral rotation up to 45*.
What is the Intermediate Glenohumeral Ligament used for in the Shoulder joint?
It is absent in about 30% of people & limits Lateral Rotation between 45* and 90* abduction.
What is the Inferior portion of the Glenohumeral Ligament of the Shoulder joint used for?
This is the most important of the 3, It has an anterior and posterior band with an Axillary pouch in between.
It supports the Humeral Head above 90* Abduction.
The Anterior band tightens during lateral rotation & the Posterior band tightens on medial Rotation.
