Pathologies to know for Exam

Question 1

What is Adhesive Captious?

Answer 1

This is also referred to as Frozen shoulder?

Question 2

What is the condition Adhesive cap/Frozen shoulder?

Answer 2

This is an Idiopathic condition affecting the shoulder & it has 3 stages.

Question 3

What are the 3 stages of Frozen Shoulder named?

Answer 3

Acute: Freezing stage
Sub-Acute/Late: Frozen Stage
Chronic: Thawing Stage

Question 4

What movement is most affected by Frozen shoulder?

Answer 4

The client will have a hard time performing abduction & External Rotation most frequently.

Question 5

What happens in the Acute stage of Frozen Shoulder?

Answer 5

In the Acute stage the joint capsule becomes painfully contracted.

Question 6

What happens in the Sub-acute stage of Frozen Shoulder?

Answer 6

In the Sub-Acute stage of Frozen Shoulder capsular fibrosis occurs.

Question 7

What occurs in the Chronic Stage of Frozen Shoulder?

Answer 7

In the Chronic stage of Frozen Shoulder the ROM gradually returns.

Question 8

What are the causes for frozen shoulder?

Answer 8

This can include:

Disuse, Extrinsic Disorders, postural dysfunction…

Question 9

What is the difference between Primary and secondary frozen shoulder?

Answer 9

Primary: is idiopathic

Secondary: Occurs from known conditions

Question 10

What is the difference between Primary and secondary frozen shoulder?

Answer 10

Primary: Idiopathic

Secondary: This form of frozen shoulder is a result of things such as Pathologies like Rotator Cuff tears, or impingement syndrome.

Question 11

What type of things would you be able to Palpate on a client that had the Frozen shoulder condition?

Answer 11

This would include things such as:

Hypertonic muscle tissue in the affected area involving mostly the upper Trap, Lavator scap & Shoulder girdle muscles.

Question 12

What type of things would you be able to Palpate on a client that had the Frozen shoulder condition?

Answer 12

This would include things such as:

Hypertonic muscle tissue in the affected area involving mostly the upper Trap, Lavator scap & Shoulder girdle muscles.

Question 13

What are special test that would be suitable for a client with Frozen Shoulder?

Answer 13

This includes:

Apely’s Scratch test & Frozen shoulder passive relaxed abduction test.

Question 14

What are special test that would be suitable for a client with Frozen Shoulder?

Answer 14

This includes:

Apely’s Scratch test & Frozen shoulder passive relaxed abduction test.

Question 15

What are the CI’s for clients with Frozen shoulder?

Answer 15

Agressive stretches and joint play greater than 1-3 are CI’d in the Acute stage.

Frictions are CI’d with Anti-inflammatory Medication.

Question 16

What is involved in General treatment on a client with Frozen Shoulder in the Acute Stage?

Answer 16

A general treatment for a client with Acute frozen shoulder includes:
Beginning on the unaffected side while doing a relaxation massage and getting the client to Deep breath.
The trunk and unaffected shoulder are treated using slow gentle rhythmic techniques.

Question 17

What is involved in General treatment on a client with Frozen Shoulder in the Sub-Acute stage?

Answer 17

The work to the clients trunk and unaffected shoulder is the same as in the acute stage, Slow rhythmic work.

Question 18

What is involved in General treatment on a client with Frozen Shoulder in the Chronic Stage?

Answer 18

Joint play is used to increase the ROM.

passive stretching.

Question 19

What types of things is given to a client for Home Care with Frozen Shoulder in the Acute stage?

Answer 19

Educate the client regarding activities, maintain strength, refer the client.

Question 20

What types of things are given to a client for Home Care with Frozen Shoulder in the Sub-acute stage?

Answer 20

Educate the client regarding activities, increase strength.

Question 21

What types of things is given to a client for Home Care with Frozen Shoulder in the Chronic Stage?

Answer 21

Client can continue the self care suggestions as before, gradually increasing ROM and strength.

Question 22

What is the condition Bursitis?

Answer 22

It is Inflammation of the Bursae.

Question 23

What is the condition Bursitis?

Answer 23

It is Inflammation of the Bursae.

Question 24

What are the 2 types of Bursal injuries?

Answer 24

Bakers Cyst & Bunion.

Question 25

What are the causes for Bursitis?

Answer 25

Overuse of structures surrounding the Bursae leading to excessive friction. Muscle imbalance. Sometimes acute trauma.

Question 26

What are the common locations on the body for Bursitis to occur?

Answer 26

``` Knee Olecranon Shoulder Greater Trochanter Ischial ```

Question 27

What are the Symptoms of Bursitis?

Answer 27

Bursitis is secondary to overuse and is a Chronic condition with an Acute inflammatory stage.

Question 28

What are Ci's for the Condition Bursitis?

Answer 28

This includes: No compression or tissue dragging No heat distal / on site No pressure distally / on site Do not increase circulation on site / distal If client has infective bursitis then refer them out of the clinic.

Question 29

What are special test you can use on a client that has the condition Bursitis?

Answer 29

``` You can use: Bursitis differential test/Tendonitis Obers Fabers Painful arc Neer impingement Muscle Girth Brush test ```

Question 30

What are things you can observe on a client with Acute Bursitis?

Answer 30

Swelling / Redness Antalgic Gait / Posture If the lower limb is affected chronically. Muscle imbalance

Question 31

What are things you can Palpate on a client with Acute Bursitis?

Answer 31

Heat Intense pain on palpation If the condition is chronic there may be Hypertonic muscle or spasms. Bogginess

Question 32

What is a Dislocation?

Answer 32

A complete dislocation of the articular surfaces of a joint.

Question 33

What is a Subluxation?

Answer 33

Partial dislocation, articular surface still in partial contact.

Question 34

What are common causes for Dislocations / Subluxations?

Answer 34

Trauma - twisting / wrenching joint beyond normal ROM. | contributing factors: Pathologies, Congenital ligamentous laxity, Previous dislocations.

Question 35

What are common sites for Dislocation & Subluxations to occur?

Answer 35

GH joint (Anterior dislocation) AC joint (Anterior Dislocation) Elbow usually with a fracture Patella (Lateral Dislocation)

Question 36

What are Symptoms for an Acute Dislocation?

Answer 36

``` Rupture of the joint capsule Snapping or popping Sickening intense pain Deformed appearance Unstable joint Brusing Muscle Guarding ```

Question 37

What are Symptoms for a Sub-Acute Dislocation?

Answer 37

``` Warmth Unstable joint Brusing / Yellowish Adhesions Slow healing rate Muscle guarding Decreased ROM ```

Question 38

What are Symptoms for a Chronic Dislocation?

Answer 38

``` Local pain Brusing is gone or almost gone Hypertonic muscles Coolness Unstable Joint Possibly Chronic Edema ```

Question 39

What are things you would be able to observe in a client that has an Acute Dislocation?

Answer 39

``` Antalgic posture if lower limb is affected Redness Brusing Swelling Joint Deformity Expression of pain ```

Question 40

What are things that you could Palpate on a Client with an Acute Dislocation?

Answer 40

Heat Swelling Pain on palpation Protective muscle spasms

Question 41

What are CI's for a Client with a Dislocation?

Answer 41

``` Acute & Sub only: do AF ROM testing Acute: Removing supporting (splints) Acute: Distal work to injury Acute: Hot / Heavy hydro Strengthening if Acute or Unstable ```

Question 42

What are things that are suitable when treating a client with an Acute Dislocation?

Answer 42

Manule Lymph Drain Passive relaxed mid range for proximal and distal joints Golgi tendon if the working proximal Treat Comp structures

Question 43

What are things that you can do for treatment on a client with a Chronic Dislocation?

Answer 43

``` Heat Frictions Treat comp structures TP's Strengthening Joint play proximal (1-2 grades) ```

Question 44

What are things you can give a client for home care with an Acute Dislocations?

Answer 44

RICE | AF pain free ROM

Question 45

What are things you can give a client for Home Care that has a Sub-acute Dislocation?

Answer 45

Contrast hydro AF pain free ROM Gentle Strength DMH (Deep moist heat)