type 2 diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

define type 2 diabetes?

A

characterised by increased peripheral resistance to insulin action, impaired insulin secretion and increased hepatic glucose output

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2
Q

what are the risk factors of T2DM?

A
  • can be monogenic
  • increased risk with obesity
  • can be secondary to other conditions eg. pancreatic, endocrine, drugs
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3
Q

what is the epidemiology of T2DM?

A
  • UK prevalence is 5-10%

- asian, african and hispanic people at a greater risk.

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4
Q

presenting symptoms of T2DM?

A
  • polyuria
  • polydipsia
  • tiredness
  • HSS
  • many infections
  • tingling in fingers
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5
Q

what are the signs of T2DM on physical examination?

A
  • diabetic foot
  • skin changes
  • check BP
  • calculate BMI =
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6
Q

what skin changes can T2DM present with?

A
  • Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
  • Granuloma annulare
  • Diabetic dermopathy
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7
Q

what are the methods of assessing glucose?

A
  • finger prick test
  • one off blood glucose
  • HbA1c
  • glucose tolerance test
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8
Q

how can T2DM be diagnosed?

A
  • Symptoms of diabetes and a random plasma glucose > 11.1 mmol/L
  • Fasting plasma glucose > 7 mmol/L
  • Two-hour plasma glucose > 11.1 mmol/L after glucose tolerance test
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9
Q

management for T2DM?

A
  • metformin
  • metformin + one other drug
  • metformin + 2 drugs
    assess based on HbA1c
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10
Q

when should the dose be increased? HbA1c?

A

when HbA1c reached 58mmol/mol (7.5%)

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11
Q

what complications must be screened for?

A
  • retinopathy
  • nephropathy
  • vascular disease
  • diabetic foot
  • CVD
  • HHS
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12
Q

what are the complications of T2DM?

A
  • HHS
  • Neuropathy
  • nephropathy
  • retinopathy
  • macrovascular
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13
Q

what is pre diabetes?

A
  • Impaired Fasting Glucose = 5.6-6.9 mmol/L
  • Impaired Glucose Tolerance = 7.8-11.0 mmol/L
  • increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes
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