osteomalacia Flashcards

1
Q

define osteomalacia?

A

normal bone density but decreased mineral content

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2
Q

when is it called rickets?

A

called rickets in children before the epiphysis fuse, and osteomalacia in adults

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3
Q

what are the types of causes of osteomalacia?

A

● Vitamin D deficiency
● Renal osteodystrophy
● Drug-induced
• Liver disease

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4
Q

why might one be deficient in vitamin D?

A

o Lack of exposure to sunlight
o Dietary deficiency
o Malabsorption

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5
Q

which drugs can cause osteomalacia?

A

o anti-convulsant s

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6
Q

epidemiology of osteomalacia?

A

● More common in FEMALES

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7
Q

presenting symptoms of osteomalacia?

A
o	Bone pain (mainly in the axial skeleton) and tenderness 
o	Fractures, esp femoral neck
o	Proximal myopathy – waddling gait 
o	Weakness
o	Malaise
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8
Q

presenting symptoms of rickets?

A

o Hypotonia
o Growth retardation
o Skeletal deformities
o Knock-kneed, bow-legged

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9
Q

what are the two major signs of hypocalcaemia?

A

● Trousseau’s sign

● Chvostek’s sign

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10
Q

what is Trousseau’s sign ?

A

inflation of a blood pressure cuff to above the systolic pressure for > 3 mins causes tetanic spasm of the wrist and fingers

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11
Q

what is Chvosteks sign?

A

tapping over the facial nerve causes twitching of the ipsilateral facial muscles

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12
Q

what will the bloods show for osteomalacia?

A

o Raised ALP
o Raised PTH
o Low calcium
o Low phosphate

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13
Q

what might a chest xray show for osteomalacia?

A

o May show osteopenia

● Looser’s zones = wide, transverse lucencies traversing part way through a bone

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14
Q

how to treat dietary deficiency?

A

Vitamin D3 and calcium replacement

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15
Q

how to treat malabsorption ?

A

give vit D2 ergocalciferol

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16
Q

how to treat renal disease?

A

alfacalcidol

17
Q

what are the potential symptoms of hypocalcaemia?

A

o Convulsions
o Arrhythmias
o Tetany
o Numbness/paraesthesia

18
Q

what is the prognosis for patients with vitamin D deficiency?

A
  • good improvement with vitamin D treatment

- Bone deformities in children tend to be permanent