osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

define osteoporosis?

A

reduced bone density defined as > 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass achieved by healthy adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the major risk factors for osteoporosis?

A
o	Age  
o	Females 
o	Corticosteroid use 
o	Rheumatoid arthritis 
o	Alcohol excess 
o	History of hip fracture 
o	Low body mass index 
o	Smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are other causes of osteoporosis?

A
o	Premature menopause 
o	Sedentary lifestyle 
o	Malignancy 
•	Myeloma
•	metastatic carcinoma  
o	Endocrine: 
•	Cushing's disease  
•	Thyrotoxicosis 
•	Primary hyperparathyroidism 
•	Hypogonadism 
o	Gastrointestinal: 
•	Malabsorption (e.g. coeliac disease, partial gastrectomy) 
•	Liver disease (e.g. primary biliary cirrhosis)  
•	Anorexia 
o	Chronic kidney disease
o	Osteogenesis imperfecta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the epidemiology of osteoporosis?

A
  • COMMON in females

* More common in CAUCASIANS and ASIANS than Afro-Caribbean’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which fractures are common in osteoporosis?

A

o Neck of femur
o Vertebral fractures
o Colles’ fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what position suggests a NOF fracture?

A

o Severe pain when hip flexed and externally rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what tool can be used to risk assess a osteoporosis patient?

when should one act upon the FRAX score?

A

FRAX score

if it is greater than 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which bloods should be done for osteoporosis?

A

o Calcium
o Phosphate
o ALP
o PTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the bloods in primary osteoporosis?

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the T score?

A

the number of standards deviations the bone mineral density measurement is above or below the young normal mean bone mineral density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a normal and abnormal T score?

A
  • > -1 is normal
  • -1 to - 2.5 = osteopenia
  • <2.5 = osteoporosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does a z score factor in?

A

age, gender and ethnic factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly