Tumors of the Respiratory System Flashcards
are nasal tumors generally malignant or benign?
malignant
what is enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?
malignant transformation of nasal glandular epithelium by retroviral infection in small ruminants
what are the clinical signs for a nasal tumor?
stertor/stridor
sneezing
oculonasal discharge/epiphora/epistaxis
facial deformity/exophthalmos
+/- neurologic signs
what is the diagnostic approach to nasal tumors?
CT or rhinoscopy
cytology or biopsy
what are some things that seem like nasal tumors that are not tumors?
granulomatous rhinitis
nasal polyp
ethmoid hematoma
nasal amyloidosis
what causes granulomatous rhinitis?
local or systemic fungal infection in small animals
local fungal infection in large animals
foreign body reaction
what are clinical signs that can come from a nasal polyp?
otitis externa/media/interna
Horner’s syndrome
upper respiratory tract obstruction
what is nasal amyloidosis?
localized deposition of AL amyloids by plasma cells leading to single or confluent nodules within nasal submucosa
what clinical signs can come from nasal amyloidosis?
nasal obstruction/dyspnea
+/- epistaxis
what are the clinical signs of laryngeal/tracheal tumors?
cervical swelling
dysphonia: abnormal bark/voice
cough/exercise intolerance
respiratory distress, cyanosis, syncope, collapse
dysphagia, anorexia
what cell type is common in primary neoplasms of the lungs?
epithelial more common than mesenchymal
round cell uncommon
what are three subtypes of pulmonary carcinoma?
lepidic
papillary
invasive
what is feline lung digit syndrome? what cancer causes it?
primary lung tumors metastasize to one or more digits
most often bronchogenic carcinoma- pulmonary carcinoma
what causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?
Jaagsiekte (JSRV): transmissible retrovirus
what are the clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?
loss of condition
cough
respiratory distress
driving sickness
what are the clinical signs of pulmonary tumors?
cough
exercise intolerance
increased respiratory rate/effort
lethargy
anorexia/weight loss
are secondary or primary neoplasms of the lungs more common?
secondary
what are some things that look like a pulmonary tumor that are not?
granulomatous pneumonia
pulmonary fibrosis
osseous metaplasia
what cancers can be in the pleura?
mesothelioma
body wall sarcomas
what neoplasms can be in the mediastinum?
thymoma
thymic lymphoma
chemodectomas
thyroid carcinoma
what species is mesothelioma most common in?
bovine
what is mesothelioma?
rare neoplasm of pleural, pericardial, peritoneal mesothelium
what are the two types of thymic tumors?
thymic epithelial cells (thymoma>thymic carcinoma)
thymic lymphocytes (thymic lymphoma)
what are two heart-based masses?
chemodectoma
ectopic thyroid carcinoma
what are some intrathoracic tumor paraneoplastic syndromes?
hypercalcemia
hypertrophic osteopathy
myasthenia gravis
exfoliative dermatitis
bilateral exophthalmos
what is hypertrophic osteopathy?
painful periosteal proliferation and associated soft tissue swelling of the distal extremities in canines associated with primary or metastatic pulmonary neoplasia
what is myasthenia gravis?
acquired form of thymoma-associated neuromuscular junction dysfunction in canines/felines resulting from autoantibodies against Ach-R
what is exfoliative dermatitis?
thymoma-associated cutaneous ulceration/scale in felines, rabbits, canines
what is bilateral exophthalmos?
intrathoracic mass effect with increased caval pressures
decreased venous return from retro-orbital venous plexuses
what is the most common nasal tumor in dogs?
nasal carcinoma
what is the most common nasal tumor in cats?
lymphoma
what can cause fungal granulomas in cats?
cryptococcus neoformans
what is ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma caused by?
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus/sheep pulmonary adenomatosis virus
who is histiocytic sarcoma common in?
dogs: Bernese mountain dogs, rottweilers, retrievers
what is histiocytic sarcoma?
dendritic cell origin
part of disseminated process: lung, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, liver, joints, bone marrow
what tumors can be in the cranial mediastinum?
thymic/mediastinal lymphoma
thymoma
chemodectoma
ectopic thyroid/parathyroid tumors
who are nasal/sinus cysts found in?
young horses
who are progressive ethmoid hematomas found in?
mature horses
which species have pulmonary neoplasia typically?
dogs and cats
sheep- viral-induced
what species are affected by thymic/mediastinal lymphoma?
cats with FeLV
beef cattle without bovine leukemia virus
sporadically in cats/dogs
