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Respiratory Pathophysiology > Tumors of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Tumors of the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

are nasal tumors generally malignant or benign?

A

malignant

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2
Q

what is enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma?

A

malignant transformation of nasal glandular epithelium by retroviral infection in small ruminants

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3
Q

what are the clinical signs for a nasal tumor?

A

stertor/stridor
sneezing
oculonasal discharge/epiphora/epistaxis
facial deformity/exophthalmos
+/- neurologic signs

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4
Q

what is the diagnostic approach to nasal tumors?

A

CT or rhinoscopy
cytology or biopsy

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5
Q

what are some things that seem like nasal tumors that are not tumors?

A

granulomatous rhinitis
nasal polyp
ethmoid hematoma
nasal amyloidosis

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6
Q

what causes granulomatous rhinitis?

A

local or systemic fungal infection in small animals
local fungal infection in large animals
foreign body reaction

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7
Q

what are clinical signs that can come from a nasal polyp?

A

otitis externa/media/interna
Horner’s syndrome
upper respiratory tract obstruction

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8
Q

what is nasal amyloidosis?

A

localized deposition of AL amyloids by plasma cells leading to single or confluent nodules within nasal submucosa

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9
Q

what clinical signs can come from nasal amyloidosis?

A

nasal obstruction/dyspnea
+/- epistaxis

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10
Q

what are the clinical signs of laryngeal/tracheal tumors?

A

cervical swelling
dysphonia: abnormal bark/voice
cough/exercise intolerance
respiratory distress, cyanosis, syncope, collapse
dysphagia, anorexia

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11
Q

what cell type is common in primary neoplasms of the lungs?

A

epithelial more common than mesenchymal
round cell uncommon

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12
Q

what are three subtypes of pulmonary carcinoma?

A

lepidic
papillary
invasive

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13
Q

what is feline lung digit syndrome? what cancer causes it?

A

primary lung tumors metastasize to one or more digits
most often bronchogenic carcinoma- pulmonary carcinoma

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14
Q

what causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

A

Jaagsiekte (JSRV): transmissible retrovirus

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15
Q

what are the clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

A

loss of condition
cough
respiratory distress
driving sickness

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16
Q

what are the clinical signs of pulmonary tumors?

A

cough
exercise intolerance
increased respiratory rate/effort
lethargy
anorexia/weight loss

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17
Q

are secondary or primary neoplasms of the lungs more common?

A

secondary

18
Q

what are some things that look like a pulmonary tumor that are not?

A

granulomatous pneumonia
pulmonary fibrosis
osseous metaplasia

19
Q

what cancers can be in the pleura?

A

mesothelioma
body wall sarcomas

20
Q

what neoplasms can be in the mediastinum?

A

thymoma
thymic lymphoma
chemodectomas
thyroid carcinoma

21
Q

what species is mesothelioma most common in?

A

bovine

22
Q

what is mesothelioma?

A

rare neoplasm of pleural, pericardial, peritoneal mesothelium

23
Q

what are the two types of thymic tumors?

A

thymic epithelial cells (thymoma>thymic carcinoma)
thymic lymphocytes (thymic lymphoma)

24
Q

what are two heart-based masses?

A

chemodectoma
ectopic thyroid carcinoma

25
Q

what are some intrathoracic tumor paraneoplastic syndromes?

A

hypercalcemia
hypertrophic osteopathy
myasthenia gravis
exfoliative dermatitis
bilateral exophthalmos

26
Q

what is hypertrophic osteopathy?

A

painful periosteal proliferation and associated soft tissue swelling of the distal extremities in canines associated with primary or metastatic pulmonary neoplasia

27
Q

what is myasthenia gravis?

A

acquired form of thymoma-associated neuromuscular junction dysfunction in canines/felines resulting from autoantibodies against Ach-R

28
Q

what is exfoliative dermatitis?

A

thymoma-associated cutaneous ulceration/scale in felines, rabbits, canines

29
Q

what is bilateral exophthalmos?

A

intrathoracic mass effect with increased caval pressures
decreased venous return from retro-orbital venous plexuses

30
Q

what is the most common nasal tumor in dogs?

A

nasal carcinoma

31
Q

what is the most common nasal tumor in cats?

A

lymphoma

32
Q

what can cause fungal granulomas in cats?

A

cryptococcus neoformans

33
Q

what is ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma caused by?

A

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus/sheep pulmonary adenomatosis virus

34
Q

who is histiocytic sarcoma common in?

A

dogs: Bernese mountain dogs, rottweilers, retrievers

35
Q

what is histiocytic sarcoma?

A

dendritic cell origin
part of disseminated process: lung, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, liver, joints, bone marrow

36
Q

what tumors can be in the cranial mediastinum?

A

thymic/mediastinal lymphoma
thymoma
chemodectoma
ectopic thyroid/parathyroid tumors

37
Q

who are nasal/sinus cysts found in?

A

young horses

38
Q

who are progressive ethmoid hematomas found in?

A

mature horses

39
Q

which species have pulmonary neoplasia typically?

A

dogs and cats
sheep- viral-induced

40
Q

what species are affected by thymic/mediastinal lymphoma?

A

cats with FeLV
beef cattle without bovine leukemia virus
sporadically in cats/dogs

Respiratory Pathophysiology (22 decks)

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