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Respiratory Pathophysiology > Respiratory Disease of Swine and Small Ruminants > Flashcards

Respiratory Disease of Swine and Small Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

what reproductive signs does porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus cause?

A

stillbirths
mummified fetuses
abortions
premature/weak births

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2
Q

what are the major subtypes of swine influenza in pigs?

A

H1N1
H3N2

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3
Q

what does swine influenza primarily affect?

A

epithelium of nose, sinuses, and conducting airways
sometimes alveoli

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4
Q

what are the clinical signs of swine influenza?

A

acute onset fever, coughing, oculonasal discharge, anorexia

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5
Q

what are some syndromes associated with porcine circovirus type 2?

A

postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
PCV-2 associated respiratory disease
porcine dermatopathy and nephropathy syndrome
reproductive failure

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6
Q

what characterizes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)?

A

high mortality
chronic wasting
respiratory disease
in postweaning or mature pigs

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7
Q

what is the key feature of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)?

A

lymphoid depletion with replacement of lymphocytes by macrophages and giant cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions
lymph nodes often large, tan, and firm

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8
Q

what does swine influenza predispose swine to?

A

secondary bacterial pneumonia

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9
Q

what type of pneumonia is associated with porcine circovirus type 2?

A

bronchointerstitial pneumonia
sometimes secondary bacterial bronchonpneumonia

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10
Q

what causes mycoplasmal pneumonia/enzootic pneumonia of swine?

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

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11
Q

what pigs are more likely to show signs of mycoplasmal pneumonia/enzootic pneumonia of swine?

A

newly acquired in herd: all age groups
endemic in herd: growing pigs after stress (weaning)

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12
Q

what is porcine contagious pleuropneumonia due to?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) or Actinobacillus suis (milder)

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13
Q

what is the agent of Glasser’s disease?

A

Glaesserella parasuis

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14
Q

what is the agent of enzootic nasal tumor virus?

A

Betaretrovirus

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15
Q

what is the agent of chronic proliferative rhinitis?

A

Salmonella enterica, subspecies diarizonae

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16
Q

what is the histology associated with chronic proliferative rhinitis?

A

mucosal hyperplasia with polypoid projections containing abundant intracytoplasmic 1-2 micrometer eosinophilic cocbacill

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17
Q

what is the agent of nasal myiasis?

A

Oestrus ovis

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18
Q

what can you see grossly with nasal myiasis?

A

larva present within nasal cavity, maybe paranasal sinuses and ethmoid extension

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19
Q

what is the agent of small ruminant lentivirus in sheep?

A

ovine progressive pneumonia (Maedi-Visna virus)

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20
Q

what are the clinical signs of small ruminant lentivirus in sheep?

A

slowly progressive emaciation
tachypnea
dyspnea (adults)
neurologic signs (lambs)

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21
Q

what is the gross appearance of small ruminant lentivirus in sheep?

A

heavy, pale gray or tan, diffusely firm/rubbery lungs with rib impressions

22
Q

what is the agent of small ruminant lentivirus in goats?

A

caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)

23
Q

what are the clinical signs of small ruminant lentivirus in goats?

A

slowly progressive emaciation
lameness, swollen joints, neurologic signs
dyspnea/tachypnea, hard udder, agaliactia

24
Q

what can be seen grossly with bluetongue?

A

pulmonary artery hemorrhage
widespread vasculitis: particularly oral mucosa

25
Q

what can be seen grossly with pasturellosis?

A

severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia (cranioventral) with pleuritis

26
Q

what is the agent of caprine contagious pleuropneumonia (CCPP)?

A

Mycoplasma capricolum spp capripneumoniae

27
Q

what is the large lungworm in small ruminants?

A

Dictyocaulus filaria

28
Q

what can be seen grossly with the red lungworm in small ruminants?

A

soft, medium sized subpleural nodules centered on red worms within terminal bronchioles and alveoli

29
Q

what type of pneumonia is associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus?

A

interstitial pneumonia

30
Q

what clinical signs are associated with swine influenza?

A

acute onset fever, coughing, oculonasal discharge, anorexia

31
Q

what syndromes are associated with porcine circovirus type 2?

A

postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
PCV2-associated respiratory disease
porcine dermatopathy and nephropathy syndrome
reproductive failure

32
Q

in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, lymph nodes are

A

large, tan, firm

33
Q

what does Suid herpesvirus 1/Pseudorabies cause?

A

necrosis, intranuclear inclusions
mild upper respiratory and reproductive infections in adults
fatal in young

34
Q

what does pseudorabies cause in non-swine?

A

fatal neurologic disease in many

35
Q

what does cytomegalovirus cause?

A

mild rhinitis in suckling pigs

36
Q

what is cytomegalovirus?

A

inclusion body rhinitis
betaherpesvirus

37
Q

what characterizes the non-progressive form of atrophic rhinitis?

A

milder rhinitis without permanent facial deformity
Bordatella bronchiseptica

38
Q

what characterizes the progressive form of atrophic rhinitis?

A

severe rhinitis with permanent facial deformation with progressive atrophy of conchae
toxigenic strains Pasteurella multocida
atrophy/loss of conchae

39
Q

how is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae transmitted?

A

direct contact

40
Q

what are common features of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?

A

cranioventral suppurative bronchopneumonia
bronchiectasis

41
Q

what happens when a naive herd is exposed to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

A

spreads rapidly
high morbidity and high mortality

42
Q

what type of pneumonia does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause?

A

caudodorsal fibrinous pleuropneumonia

43
Q

what is the most common cause of tuberculosis in the US?

A

Mycobacterium avium

44
Q

how is Mycobacterium avium spread?

A

environment: not pig to pig

45
Q

what are the most common lesions in tuberculosis?

A

granulomatous tonsilitis and lymphadenitis

46
Q

what type of pneumonia does Ascaris suum cause?

A

interstitial pneumonia

47
Q

what does Metastrongylus spp cause in the lungs?

A

emphysema: polygonal areas
atelectasis
caudodorsal regions of caudal lung lobes

48
Q

who does Parainfluenza virus 3, adenoviruses, and respiratory syncytial viruses primarily impact?

A

young small ruminants
infection typically mild

49
Q

what lesions raise suspicion to bluetongue virus?

A

oral erosions/ulcers
coronary band hyperemia/hemorrhage
hemorrhage in wall pulmonary artery
pulmonary edema
congenital defects
abortion

50
Q

how do ruminants with enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma present?

A

nasal discharge
upper respiratory obstruction
weight loss

51
Q

true/false: most sheep infected with ovine progressive pneumonia are asymptomatic

A

true

52
Q

how can caprine arthritis encephalitis virus be distinguished from ovine progressive pneumonia?

A

kids: encephalomyelitis
older goats: arthritis +/- pneumonia +/- chronic mastitis
OPP: 2-4 years or older

Respiratory Pathophysiology (22 decks)

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