Respiratory Disease of Swine and Small Ruminants Flashcards
what reproductive signs does porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus cause?
stillbirths
mummified fetuses
abortions
premature/weak births
what are the major subtypes of swine influenza in pigs?
H1N1
H3N2
what does swine influenza primarily affect?
epithelium of nose, sinuses, and conducting airways
sometimes alveoli
what are the clinical signs of swine influenza?
acute onset fever, coughing, oculonasal discharge, anorexia
what are some syndromes associated with porcine circovirus type 2?
postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
PCV-2 associated respiratory disease
porcine dermatopathy and nephropathy syndrome
reproductive failure
what characterizes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)?
high mortality
chronic wasting
respiratory disease
in postweaning or mature pigs
what is the key feature of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)?
lymphoid depletion with replacement of lymphocytes by macrophages and giant cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions
lymph nodes often large, tan, and firm
what does swine influenza predispose swine to?
secondary bacterial pneumonia
what type of pneumonia is associated with porcine circovirus type 2?
bronchointerstitial pneumonia
sometimes secondary bacterial bronchonpneumonia
what causes mycoplasmal pneumonia/enzootic pneumonia of swine?
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
what pigs are more likely to show signs of mycoplasmal pneumonia/enzootic pneumonia of swine?
newly acquired in herd: all age groups
endemic in herd: growing pigs after stress (weaning)
what is porcine contagious pleuropneumonia due to?
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) or Actinobacillus suis (milder)
what is the agent of Glasser’s disease?
Glaesserella parasuis
what is the agent of enzootic nasal tumor virus?
Betaretrovirus
what is the agent of chronic proliferative rhinitis?
Salmonella enterica, subspecies diarizonae
what is the histology associated with chronic proliferative rhinitis?
mucosal hyperplasia with polypoid projections containing abundant intracytoplasmic 1-2 micrometer eosinophilic cocbacill
what is the agent of nasal myiasis?
Oestrus ovis
what can you see grossly with nasal myiasis?
larva present within nasal cavity, maybe paranasal sinuses and ethmoid extension
what is the agent of small ruminant lentivirus in sheep?
ovine progressive pneumonia (Maedi-Visna virus)
what are the clinical signs of small ruminant lentivirus in sheep?
slowly progressive emaciation
tachypnea
dyspnea (adults)
neurologic signs (lambs)
what is the gross appearance of small ruminant lentivirus in sheep?
heavy, pale gray or tan, diffusely firm/rubbery lungs with rib impressions
what is the agent of small ruminant lentivirus in goats?
caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)
what are the clinical signs of small ruminant lentivirus in goats?
slowly progressive emaciation
lameness, swollen joints, neurologic signs
dyspnea/tachypnea, hard udder, agaliactia
what can be seen grossly with bluetongue?
pulmonary artery hemorrhage
widespread vasculitis: particularly oral mucosa
what can be seen grossly with pasturellosis?
severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia (cranioventral) with pleuritis
what is the agent of caprine contagious pleuropneumonia (CCPP)?
Mycoplasma capricolum spp capripneumoniae
what is the large lungworm in small ruminants?
Dictyocaulus filaria
what can be seen grossly with the red lungworm in small ruminants?
soft, medium sized subpleural nodules centered on red worms within terminal bronchioles and alveoli
what type of pneumonia is associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus?
interstitial pneumonia
what clinical signs are associated with swine influenza?
acute onset fever, coughing, oculonasal discharge, anorexia
what syndromes are associated with porcine circovirus type 2?
postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
PCV2-associated respiratory disease
porcine dermatopathy and nephropathy syndrome
reproductive failure
in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, lymph nodes are
large, tan, firm
what does Suid herpesvirus 1/Pseudorabies cause?
necrosis, intranuclear inclusions
mild upper respiratory and reproductive infections in adults
fatal in young
what does pseudorabies cause in non-swine?
fatal neurologic disease in many
what does cytomegalovirus cause?
mild rhinitis in suckling pigs
what is cytomegalovirus?
inclusion body rhinitis
betaherpesvirus
what characterizes the non-progressive form of atrophic rhinitis?
milder rhinitis without permanent facial deformity
Bordatella bronchiseptica
what characterizes the progressive form of atrophic rhinitis?
severe rhinitis with permanent facial deformation with progressive atrophy of conchae
toxigenic strains Pasteurella multocida
atrophy/loss of conchae
how is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae transmitted?
direct contact
what are common features of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae?
cranioventral suppurative bronchopneumonia
bronchiectasis
what happens when a naive herd is exposed to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?
spreads rapidly
high morbidity and high mortality
what type of pneumonia does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause?
caudodorsal fibrinous pleuropneumonia
what is the most common cause of tuberculosis in the US?
Mycobacterium avium
how is Mycobacterium avium spread?
environment: not pig to pig
what are the most common lesions in tuberculosis?
granulomatous tonsilitis and lymphadenitis
what type of pneumonia does Ascaris suum cause?
interstitial pneumonia
what does Metastrongylus spp cause in the lungs?
emphysema: polygonal areas
atelectasis
caudodorsal regions of caudal lung lobes
who does Parainfluenza virus 3, adenoviruses, and respiratory syncytial viruses primarily impact?
young small ruminants
infection typically mild
what lesions raise suspicion to bluetongue virus?
oral erosions/ulcers
coronary band hyperemia/hemorrhage
hemorrhage in wall pulmonary artery
pulmonary edema
congenital defects
abortion
how do ruminants with enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma present?
nasal discharge
upper respiratory obstruction
weight loss
true/false: most sheep infected with ovine progressive pneumonia are asymptomatic
true
how can caprine arthritis encephalitis virus be distinguished from ovine progressive pneumonia?
kids: encephalomyelitis
older goats: arthritis +/- pneumonia +/- chronic mastitis
OPP: 2-4 years or older
