Respiratory Disease in Laboratory Animals Flashcards
how are rodents housed to prevent spread of disease within the facility?
micro-isolator cages
what does Sendai virus cause?
acute respiratory infection in mice, rats, hamsters
what does Sendai virus induce?
epithelial necrosis
hyperplasia of the bronchiolar epithelium
what is the host range of pneumonia virus of mice?
mice, rats, hamsters (possibly guinea pigs)
what is pneumonia virus of mice?
pneumovirus of the family paramyxoviridae
where do pneumonia virus of mice replicate?
in respiratory epithelial cell cytoplasms and virions bud from the cell membrane
what viruses cause rat coronavirus?
Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA) and rat coronavirus (RCV)
what does Sialodacryoadenitis virus cause?
sialodacryoadenitis in rats
acute self-limiting disease with high morbidity and low mortality
what does rat coronavirus cause?
usually subclinical infection
rhinotracheitis and mild interstitial pneumonia
what does Mycoplasma pulmonis cause?
chronic persistant airway infection
what does Corynebacterium kutscheri cause?
“pseudotubercylosis” in rat and mouse colonies
multiple organ absessation
what does Streptococcus pneumoniae cause?
aymptomatic infection of nasopharynx of rats normally
stress or concurrent infections can lead to more serious (nasal discharge, dyspnea, stridorous breathing)
what can develop if Streptococcus pneumoniae infection progresses to the lungs?
characteristic fibrinous pneumonia and subsequent pericarditis and pleural effusion
what is cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus?
gram negative filamentous bacterium
what does cilia-associated respiratory bacillus do?
colonizes ciliated epithelial cells: mononuclear infiltration of the underlying tissue
what is Pneumocystis jirovecii?
fungus
causes progressive pneumonia in immunosuppressed/immunodeficient individuals
what pathogen infects guinea pigs?
Bordatella bronchiseptica
what does Bordatella bronchiseptica cause in guinea pigs?
purulent bronchitis with extension into parenchymal region
purulent bronchopneumonia follows
what commonly colonizes the nasopharynx of rabbits?
Pasteurella multocida
what does Pasteurella multocida cause in rabbits usually?
rhinitis, “snuffles”
conjunctivitis, otitis media, occasionally pneumonia
what does measles result in in nonhuman primates?
fever, papular rash, giant cell pneumonia in macaques and some new world species
what is measles causes by?
morbillivirus in family paramyxoviridae
what causes tuberculosis in nonhuman primates?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis
who is tuberculosis prominent in?
captive old world species
what are the clinical signs of tuberculosis in nonhuman primates?
cough
anorexia
weight loss
progressive dyspnea
what does Pneumonyssus simicola cause?
pulmonary acariasis
multiple discrete cystic nodules throughout the lungs
who does Pneumonyssus simicola impact?
nearly all rhesus are infected
what does sialodacryoadenitis virus cause pathologically?
cervical swellings- enlarged salivary glands
inflammation and necrosis in salivary and lacrimal glands and in nasal epithelium
periorbital porphyrin staining
why are infectious diseases bad for science?
increases variability in data obtained from studies
increases number of animals needed to obtain reliable data
causes erroneous conclusions or irreproducible experiments
in whom is the impact of Sendai virus greatest?
mouse colonies
what happens in epizootic infections of Sendai virus in previously uninfected colonies?
lasts months
dyspnea
ruffled fur
weight loss
neonatal mortality
________ mice eliminate Sendai virus earlier than ________ ones
outbred
inbred
in sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA), there is inflammation and necrosis in ________________________________________
salivary and lacrimal glands and in the nasal epithelium
who is more likely to develop an acute pneumonia with Mycoplasma pulmonis?
mice more likely than rats
what does Mycoplasma pulmonis inhabit?
surface of ciliated respiratory epithelium
who has cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus been isolated from and who can it infect?
isolated from rats with chronic respiratory disease
mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits
what stain will highlight Pneumocystis jirovecii?
methenamine silver stain
post-mortem
what happens in extreme cases of Pasteurella multocida in rabbits?
systemic spread of infection: abscesses, pyometra, and septicemia
what are the clinical signs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis (infects old world species)?
cough
anorexia
weight loss
progressive dyspnea
what is Pneumonyssus simicola?
lung mite
in sendai infection, viral fusion protein leads to _______________
giant cell formation
which mice are susceptible to pneumonia virus of mice?
weanling mice
clinically apparent disease has not been found in immunocompetent mice
athymic mice develop diffuse interstitial pneumonia
what do rats develop with pneumonia virus of mice?
mild interstitial pneumonia
what causes periorbital porphyrin staining?
sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA)
what can sialodacryoadenitis virus cause after experimental inoculation?
lower respiratory tract lesions in rats: tracheitis, bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonia
what do rats generally show with Mycoplasma pulmonis?
rhinitis and otitis
what is the range of host response to Mycoplasma pulmonis?
negligible to systemic illness: weight loss, hunched, roughened hair coat
what can lead to outbreaks of Corynebacterium kutscheri?
irradiation
corticosteroid treatment
concurrent infection
what does Streptococcus pneumoniae normally cause in rats?
asymptomatic infection of nasopharynx
how is Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis transmitted to colony primates?
most likely from human asymptomatic carriers
