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Respiratory Pathophysiology > Respiratory Disease in Laboratory Animals > Flashcards

Respiratory Disease in Laboratory Animals Flashcards

1
Q

how are rodents housed to prevent spread of disease within the facility?

A

micro-isolator cages

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2
Q

what does Sendai virus cause?

A

acute respiratory infection in mice, rats, hamsters

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3
Q

what does Sendai virus induce?

A

epithelial necrosis
hyperplasia of the bronchiolar epithelium

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4
Q

what is the host range of pneumonia virus of mice?

A

mice, rats, hamsters (possibly guinea pigs)

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5
Q

what is pneumonia virus of mice?

A

pneumovirus of the family paramyxoviridae

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6
Q

where do pneumonia virus of mice replicate?

A

in respiratory epithelial cell cytoplasms and virions bud from the cell membrane

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7
Q

what viruses cause rat coronavirus?

A

Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA) and rat coronavirus (RCV)

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8
Q

what does Sialodacryoadenitis virus cause?

A

sialodacryoadenitis in rats
acute self-limiting disease with high morbidity and low mortality

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9
Q

what does rat coronavirus cause?

A

usually subclinical infection
rhinotracheitis and mild interstitial pneumonia

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10
Q

what does Mycoplasma pulmonis cause?

A

chronic persistant airway infection

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11
Q

what does Corynebacterium kutscheri cause?

A

“pseudotubercylosis” in rat and mouse colonies
multiple organ absessation

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12
Q

what does Streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

A

aymptomatic infection of nasopharynx of rats normally
stress or concurrent infections can lead to more serious (nasal discharge, dyspnea, stridorous breathing)

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13
Q

what can develop if Streptococcus pneumoniae infection progresses to the lungs?

A

characteristic fibrinous pneumonia and subsequent pericarditis and pleural effusion

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14
Q

what is cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus?

A

gram negative filamentous bacterium

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15
Q

what does cilia-associated respiratory bacillus do?

A

colonizes ciliated epithelial cells: mononuclear infiltration of the underlying tissue

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16
Q

what is Pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

fungus
causes progressive pneumonia in immunosuppressed/immunodeficient individuals

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17
Q

what pathogen infects guinea pigs?

A

Bordatella bronchiseptica

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18
Q

what does Bordatella bronchiseptica cause in guinea pigs?

A

purulent bronchitis with extension into parenchymal region
purulent bronchopneumonia follows

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19
Q

what commonly colonizes the nasopharynx of rabbits?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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20
Q

what does Pasteurella multocida cause in rabbits usually?

A

rhinitis, “snuffles”
conjunctivitis, otitis media, occasionally pneumonia

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21
Q

what does measles result in in nonhuman primates?

A

fever, papular rash, giant cell pneumonia in macaques and some new world species

22
Q

what is measles causes by?

A

morbillivirus in family paramyxoviridae

23
Q

what causes tuberculosis in nonhuman primates?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis

24
Q

who is tuberculosis prominent in?

A

captive old world species

25
Q

what are the clinical signs of tuberculosis in nonhuman primates?

A

cough
anorexia
weight loss
progressive dyspnea

26
Q

what does Pneumonyssus simicola cause?

A

pulmonary acariasis
multiple discrete cystic nodules throughout the lungs

27
Q

who does Pneumonyssus simicola impact?

A

nearly all rhesus are infected

28
Q

what does sialodacryoadenitis virus cause pathologically?

A

cervical swellings- enlarged salivary glands
inflammation and necrosis in salivary and lacrimal glands and in nasal epithelium
periorbital porphyrin staining

29
Q

why are infectious diseases bad for science?

A

increases variability in data obtained from studies
increases number of animals needed to obtain reliable data
causes erroneous conclusions or irreproducible experiments

30
Q

in whom is the impact of Sendai virus greatest?

A

mouse colonies

31
Q

what happens in epizootic infections of Sendai virus in previously uninfected colonies?

A

lasts months
dyspnea
ruffled fur
weight loss
neonatal mortality

32
Q

________ mice eliminate Sendai virus earlier than ________ ones

A

outbred
inbred

33
Q

in sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA), there is inflammation and necrosis in ________________________________________

A

salivary and lacrimal glands and in the nasal epithelium

34
Q

who is more likely to develop an acute pneumonia with Mycoplasma pulmonis?

A

mice more likely than rats

35
Q

what does Mycoplasma pulmonis inhabit?

A

surface of ciliated respiratory epithelium

36
Q

who has cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus been isolated from and who can it infect?

A

isolated from rats with chronic respiratory disease
mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits

37
Q

what stain will highlight Pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

methenamine silver stain
post-mortem

38
Q

what happens in extreme cases of Pasteurella multocida in rabbits?

A

systemic spread of infection: abscesses, pyometra, and septicemia

39
Q

what are the clinical signs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis (infects old world species)?

A

cough
anorexia
weight loss
progressive dyspnea

40
Q

what is Pneumonyssus simicola?

A

lung mite

41
Q

in sendai infection, viral fusion protein leads to _______________

A

giant cell formation

42
Q

which mice are susceptible to pneumonia virus of mice?

A

weanling mice
clinically apparent disease has not been found in immunocompetent mice
athymic mice develop diffuse interstitial pneumonia

43
Q

what do rats develop with pneumonia virus of mice?

A

mild interstitial pneumonia

44
Q

what causes periorbital porphyrin staining?

A

sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDA)

45
Q

what can sialodacryoadenitis virus cause after experimental inoculation?

A

lower respiratory tract lesions in rats: tracheitis, bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonia

46
Q

what do rats generally show with Mycoplasma pulmonis?

A

rhinitis and otitis

47
Q

what is the range of host response to Mycoplasma pulmonis?

A

negligible to systemic illness: weight loss, hunched, roughened hair coat

48
Q

what can lead to outbreaks of Corynebacterium kutscheri?

A

irradiation
corticosteroid treatment
concurrent infection

49
Q

what does Streptococcus pneumoniae normally cause in rats?

A

asymptomatic infection of nasopharynx

50
Q

how is Mycobacterium tuberculosis or bovis transmitted to colony primates?

A

most likely from human asymptomatic carriers

Respiratory Pathophysiology (22 decks)

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