Respiratory Disease of Dogs and Cats Flashcards
what are two sounds that indicate an upper airway issue in a dog?
stertor (snoring)
stridor (wheezing)
what is a classic action associated with lower airway disease?
coughing
what are some examples of lower airway disease in dogs?
chronic bronchitis
kennel cough complex
what are some examples of lower airway disease in cats?
feline asthma
chronic bronchitis
what causes parenchymal lung disease in dogs?
pneumonia
acute lung injury
cardiogenic pulmonary edema
pulmonary contusions
what causes parenchymal lung disease in cats?
cardiogenic pulmonary edema
pneumonia (atypical)
neoplasia
acute lung injury
what causes pleural space disease in dogs?
heart failure
pyothorax
chylothorax
neoplasia
anticoagulant rat poison
what causes pleural space disease in cats?
heart failure
pyothorax
neoplasia
chylothorax
FIP
what type of virus is canine distemper virus?
RNA virus
paramyxoviridae family, genus morbilliviridae
how is canine distemper virus transmitted?
direct or aerosol, followed by infection of respiratory epithelium, then spread through distant lymphoid tissues
what are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus?
fever
nasal discharge
gastrointestinal signs
choriorentinitis
neurological signs
what viruses are important in feline upper respiratory infection/complex?
herpes virus (most often)
calicivirus
pasteurella multocida
mycoplasma spp
what virus is now showing multi-organ failure/vasculitis and death in cats?
a severe form of Calicivirus
what is the histopathology of canine distemper virus?
eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies
what can you find histopathologically with feline upper respiratory infection/complex?
evidence of ulceration
necrosis
pneumonia
inclusion bodies with herpes
chlamydial elementary bodies
what most commonly causes kennel cough?
Bordatella bronchiseptica
what are the clinical signs of kennel cough complex?
cough if uncomplicated
may progress to pneumonia
may be difficult to distinguish from Distemper
what are the clinical signs of aspiration pneumonia?
fever
lethargy
nasal discharge
cough
what bacteria can be in aspiration pneumonia?
mixed
usually gram-negative
can be gram-positive or anaerobic
what is a pyothorax?
infection in pleural cavity: severe pleuritis, inflammation, pleural effusion and possibly sepsis
who is at increased risk of pyothorax?
cats: outdoor and multi-household
hunting breed dogs
what is the treatment for pyothorax?
cats: drain the chest and antibiotics
dogs: drain and antibiotics and surgery
what organisms can cause fungal infections in the lungs?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillosis fumigatus
Blastomyces dermatititis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidioides immitis
where is Coccidioides immitis common?
Southwest/arid regions: San Joaquin Valley Fever
Arizona, California
where is Blastomyces dermatititis common?
Ohio/Mississippi River Valley (Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota)
where is Histoplasma capsulatum common?
Ohio/Mississippi River Valley (Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota)
what is the histopathology of canine distemper virus?
eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies
what are the clinical signs of feline upper respiratory infection/complex?
ocular/nasal discharge
oral ulceration
anorexia
high fever
occasionally moribund
what might you see histopathologically in feline upper respiratory disease/complex?
ulceration evidence
necrosis
pneumonia
inclusion bodies with herpes
chlamydial elementary bodies
how is aspiration pneumonia diagnosed?
clinical
thoracic radiographs
tracheal wash with culture
what do you see histopathologically with aspiration pneumonia?
profound inflammatory: neutrophil infiltrate, acute lung injury
what do you see histopathologically with kennel cough?
rarely anything
may cough long time
which animals are at increased risk for a pyothorax?
outdoor cats and multi-cat households
hunting dogs
what can cause a pyothorax?
cats: bite wounds
dogs: inhaled foreign body or penetrating injury
what do you see histopathologically with pyothorax?
inflammation
intracellular bacteria
acute lung injury
who is Cryptococcus neoformans common in?
mostly cats: FeLV+
rare in dogs
what does Aspergillosis fumigatus cause?
mostly rhino-sinusitis in dogs
occasionally disseminated: german shepherds
what is rhino-sinusitis?
nasal discharge
often bloody
who is at greater risk of Blastomyces dermatititis?
hunting dogs
not reflective of immunosuppression
what does Histoplasma capsulatum cause?
gastrointestinal disease
pulmonary disease
hepatic disease
what does Coccidioides immitis cause?
San Juaquin Valley Fever
respiratory, bone lesions
what are some traumas that can cause respiratory disease?
head trauma
tracheal injury: rare
pneumothorax
rib fractures
pulmonary contusions
what is the most common type of neoplasia in the lungs?
adenocarcinoma
what can a lung torsion result in?
pleural effusion
Afgan hounds
what can a chylothorax result from?
lymphangectasia: aberrant dilation of thoracic duct and branches
right-sided congestive heart failure
anterior mediastinal mass
