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Respiratory Pathophysiology > Respiratory Disease of Dogs and Cats > Flashcards

Respiratory Disease of Dogs and Cats Flashcards

1
Q

what are two sounds that indicate an upper airway issue in a dog?

A

stertor (snoring)
stridor (wheezing)

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2
Q

what is a classic action associated with lower airway disease?

A

coughing

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3
Q

what are some examples of lower airway disease in dogs?

A

chronic bronchitis
kennel cough complex

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4
Q

what are some examples of lower airway disease in cats?

A

feline asthma
chronic bronchitis

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5
Q

what causes parenchymal lung disease in dogs?

A

pneumonia
acute lung injury
cardiogenic pulmonary edema
pulmonary contusions

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6
Q

what causes parenchymal lung disease in cats?

A

cardiogenic pulmonary edema
pneumonia (atypical)
neoplasia
acute lung injury

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7
Q

what causes pleural space disease in dogs?

A

heart failure
pyothorax
chylothorax
neoplasia
anticoagulant rat poison

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8
Q

what causes pleural space disease in cats?

A

heart failure
pyothorax
neoplasia
chylothorax
FIP

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9
Q

what type of virus is canine distemper virus?

A

RNA virus
paramyxoviridae family, genus morbilliviridae

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10
Q

how is canine distemper virus transmitted?

A

direct or aerosol, followed by infection of respiratory epithelium, then spread through distant lymphoid tissues

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11
Q

what are the clinical signs of canine distemper virus?

A

fever
nasal discharge
gastrointestinal signs
choriorentinitis
neurological signs

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12
Q

what viruses are important in feline upper respiratory infection/complex?

A

herpes virus (most often)
calicivirus
pasteurella multocida
mycoplasma spp

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13
Q

what virus is now showing multi-organ failure/vasculitis and death in cats?

A

a severe form of Calicivirus

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14
Q

what is the histopathology of canine distemper virus?

A

eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies

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15
Q

what can you find histopathologically with feline upper respiratory infection/complex?

A

evidence of ulceration
necrosis
pneumonia
inclusion bodies with herpes
chlamydial elementary bodies

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16
Q

what most commonly causes kennel cough?

A

Bordatella bronchiseptica

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17
Q

what are the clinical signs of kennel cough complex?

A

cough if uncomplicated
may progress to pneumonia
may be difficult to distinguish from Distemper

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18
Q

what are the clinical signs of aspiration pneumonia?

A

fever
lethargy
nasal discharge
cough

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19
Q

what bacteria can be in aspiration pneumonia?

A

mixed
usually gram-negative
can be gram-positive or anaerobic

20
Q

what is a pyothorax?

A

infection in pleural cavity: severe pleuritis, inflammation, pleural effusion and possibly sepsis

21
Q

who is at increased risk of pyothorax?

A

cats: outdoor and multi-household
hunting breed dogs

22
Q

what is the treatment for pyothorax?

A

cats: drain the chest and antibiotics
dogs: drain and antibiotics and surgery

23
Q

what organisms can cause fungal infections in the lungs?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillosis fumigatus
Blastomyces dermatititis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidioides immitis

24
Q

where is Coccidioides immitis common?

A

Southwest/arid regions: San Joaquin Valley Fever
Arizona, California

25
Q

where is Blastomyces dermatititis common?

A

Ohio/Mississippi River Valley (Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota)

26
Q

where is Histoplasma capsulatum common?

A

Ohio/Mississippi River Valley (Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota)

27
Q

what is the histopathology of canine distemper virus?

A

eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies

28
Q

what are the clinical signs of feline upper respiratory infection/complex?

A

ocular/nasal discharge
oral ulceration
anorexia
high fever
occasionally moribund

29
Q

what might you see histopathologically in feline upper respiratory disease/complex?

A

ulceration evidence
necrosis
pneumonia
inclusion bodies with herpes
chlamydial elementary bodies

30
Q

how is aspiration pneumonia diagnosed?

A

clinical
thoracic radiographs
tracheal wash with culture

31
Q

what do you see histopathologically with aspiration pneumonia?

A

profound inflammatory: neutrophil infiltrate, acute lung injury

32
Q

what do you see histopathologically with kennel cough?

A

rarely anything
may cough long time

33
Q

which animals are at increased risk for a pyothorax?

A

outdoor cats and multi-cat households
hunting dogs

34
Q

what can cause a pyothorax?

A

cats: bite wounds
dogs: inhaled foreign body or penetrating injury

35
Q

what do you see histopathologically with pyothorax?

A

inflammation
intracellular bacteria
acute lung injury

36
Q

who is Cryptococcus neoformans common in?

A

mostly cats: FeLV+
rare in dogs

37
Q

what does Aspergillosis fumigatus cause?

A

mostly rhino-sinusitis in dogs
occasionally disseminated: german shepherds

38
Q

what is rhino-sinusitis?

A

nasal discharge
often bloody

39
Q

who is at greater risk of Blastomyces dermatititis?

A

hunting dogs
not reflective of immunosuppression

40
Q

what does Histoplasma capsulatum cause?

A

gastrointestinal disease
pulmonary disease
hepatic disease

41
Q

what does Coccidioides immitis cause?

A

San Juaquin Valley Fever
respiratory, bone lesions

42
Q

what are some traumas that can cause respiratory disease?

A

head trauma
tracheal injury: rare
pneumothorax
rib fractures
pulmonary contusions

43
Q

what is the most common type of neoplasia in the lungs?

A

adenocarcinoma

44
Q

what can a lung torsion result in?

A

pleural effusion
Afgan hounds

45
Q

what can a chylothorax result from?

A

lymphangectasia: aberrant dilation of thoracic duct and branches
right-sided congestive heart failure
anterior mediastinal mass

Respiratory Pathophysiology (22 decks)

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