Tumor Markers

Question 0

This is defined as new growth.

Answer 0

neoplasm

Question 1

This term means swelling

Answer 1

tumor

Question 2

this type of neoplasm is autonomous, slow-growing; may be locally invasive but does not spread to distant organs

Answer 2

benign

Question 3

this type of neoplasm is autonomous, rapidly-growing; locally invasive and spreads (metastasizes) to distant organs

Answer 3

malignant

Question 4

This term means independent of the usual control mechanisms.

Answer 4

autonomous

Question 5

This is a malignant neoplasm.

Answer 5

cancer

Question 6

In benign endocrine tumors, the mass of tumor in the body can be estimated by measuring the concentration of what?

Answer 6

normal cell product in blood

Question 7

The mass of most _______ tumors must be assessed by measuring the concentration of a molecules known to be increased in patients with a specific malignancy.

Answer 7

malignant

Question 8

this neoplasm has some characteristics of the tissue of origin

Answer 8

differentiated neoplasm

Question 9

this neoplasm has few characteristics of the tissue of origin

Answer 9

poorly-differentiated neoplasm

Question 10

this neoplasm has no characteristics of the tissue of origin, morphologically or functionally

Answer 10

anaplastic (without form) neoplasm

Question 11

This syndrome has symptoms of a cancer patient that are not a result of local neoplastic growth/spread and are not a result of metastases to distant sites.

Answer 11

paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 12

What are the three most common paraneoplastic syndromes?

Answer 12

1 Cushing’s syndrome
2 hypercalcemia
3 syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH)

Question 13

What are the underlying cancers of Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 13

pancreas and lung

Question 14

What are the casual substances of cushing’s syndrome ?

Answer 14

ACTH or ACTH-like substances produced by the cancer cells

Question 15

What are the typical lab results of Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 15

excess cortisol release, abnormal FBG, glucose intolerance, and an increased serum cortisol concentration

Question 16

What are the underlying cancers of hypercalcemia?

Answer 16

lung, breast, and ovary

Question 17

What is the casual substance of hypercalcemia?

Answer 17

parathyroid hormone related protein

Question 18

What are the lab results for hypercalcemia?

Answer 18

PTH increased OR PTH related protein detected

Question 19

What are the underlying cancers of SIADH?

Answer 19

brain and lung

Question 20

What is the casual substance of SIADH?

Answer 20

antidiuretic hormone

Question 21

What are the lab tests for SIADH?

Answer 21

sodium and osmolality, measured in both serum and urine

Question 22

This is a substance produced by a tumor, or by the host in response to a tumor, that is used to differentiate a tumor from normal tissue or to determine the presence of a tumor based on measurements in the blood or secretions.

Answer 22

tumor marker

Question 23

What are 4 current uses of tumor markers?

Answer 23

1 monitor the treatment and progression of cancer
2 to determine the success of initial treatment (surgery)
3 detect the recurrence of cancer
4 monitor the effectiveness of continuing treatment