Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry Module 4 > Endocrine Function II Part 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine Function II Part 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

Describe lab results found in TSH-Dependent (secondary or tertiary) hyperthyroidism.

A

Increased T3/T4, increased TSH (thyroid normal but ant. pit. not working), decreased TRF (TRH-secondary) or increased TRF (TRH-tertiary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Describe lab results found in TSH-Independent (Primary) Hyperthyroidism.

A

Increased T3/T4, Increased Free T4/T3, Decreased TSH (because the ant. pit. is normal), Decreased TBG, Increased THBR, and Decreased TRH (also called TRF); this occurs because negative feedback is turned off and the problem is occurring in the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the TRH stimulation test differentiate?

A

Normal response=Tertiary Hypothyroidism; Blunted Response=Secondary Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the use of Total T3 assays.

A

Measures both free and bound hormone; aids in diagnosis and monitoring of hyperthyroid patients with decreased TSH and normal Free T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The clinical use of this test is to directly or indirectly assess available TBG binding sites but is not to diagnose hyper- or hypo- thyroidism. May be ordered if the patient has abnormal total T4 or total T3 levels with a normal TSH.

A

THBR- Thyroid Hormone Binding Ratio with T3 Uptake Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The clinical use of the test is primarily to monitor patients with follicular thyroid cancer (which would be increased); it is the storage form of the thyroid hormone precursors

A

Thyrogobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is the most sensitive and specific mesaure of thyroid activity

A

TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This test aids in diagnosis and monitoring of hyperthyroid patients with suppressed TSH levels and normal Free T4 levels

A

Total T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This test by itself, does not provide enough clinical information and must be reported in conjunction with the other thyroid tests.

A

Total T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This test provides an approximation of the free hormone concentration in the presence of abnormal TBG levels as TBG or free hormone levels are not easily measured

A

THBR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State the SPECIFIC diagnostic usefulness of the following

-Antithyroidglobulin antibody (TgAb)

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis >85% reactivity, grave’s disease >30% reactivity, and also a tumor marker for recurrence of thyroid cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

State the SPECIFIC diagnostic usefulness of the following

-Thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb)

A

-Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 100% reactivity, Grave’s disease 70-80% reactivity; Ab itself may be cytotoxic to the thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

State the SPECIFIC diagnostic usefulness of the following

-TSH receptor autoantibody (TRAb)

A

Immunoglobulins that bind to thyroid cell membranes at or near TSH receptor site; hyperactivity in Grave’s or inability for TSH to stimulate the thyroid in Hashimoto’s; provides differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, predicts fetal dysfunction, and predicts course of grave’s patients on antithyroid drug therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the number of carbons present in estrane?

A

18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the number of carbons present on androstane?

A

19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the number of carbons present on pregnane?

A

21

16
Q

What is the analytical importance of the phenolic hydroxyl group on carbon #3 on estrane and its derivatives?

A

Estrogens on carbon #3, androgens do not have this

17
Q

What are the biological effects of estrogen?

A

primary and secondary sexual characteristics

18
Q

What is the site of production of estrogen?

A

Graafian follicle of ovaries

19
Q

What is the most potent, physiologically active estrogen?

A

Estradiol, evaluates ovarian function

20
Q

What is the major post-menopausal estrogen?

A

Estrone

21
Q

What is the major estrogen produced during pregnancy?

A

Estriol, decreased in fetal distress and measured to monitor progress of pregnancy

22
Q

Describe the menstrual cycle with the rise and fall of estrogen, FSH, and LH

A

E2 removes negative feedback for FSH/LH which increases FSH and increases estrogen.

23
Q

What is the SPECIFIC biological effect of FSH in women

A

Chooses an egg

24
Q

What is the SPECIFIC biological effect of LH in women?

A

LH stimulates ovulation

25
Q

What is the SPECIFIC biological effect of FSH in men?

A

Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone and Sertoli cells to produce sperm

26
Q

What is the SPECIFIC biological effect of LH in men?

A

Stimulates Leydig cells in testes to produce testosterone

27
Q

What is the clinical usefulness of continuously monitoring estriol levels urging pregnancy?

A

Indicate status of fetoplacental unit; need a premature delivery if sharp decrease in levels

28
Q

What is the historical method for measuring estrogen?

A

Kober Reaction by GM-MS

29
Q

What is the specific site of progesterone production in pregnant women?

A

Placenta

30
Q

What is the specific site of progesterone production in non-pregnant women?

A

Ovarian corpus luteum

31
Q

What are the three uses for progesterone measurement?

A

1 detect ovulation
2 detect ovarian tumors
3 detect placental dysfunction

32
Q

What are two physiological effects of progesterone?

A

*prepares the uterus for fertilized egg implantation, important for maintenance of pregnancy, stimulates breast development, increases body temperature

33
Q

Two physiological effects of hCG

A

Stimulates progesterone production and produced by trophoblasts that becomes the placenta (The alpha subunits is identical to FSH, LH, and TSH)

34
Q

Which sub unit is measured in hCG?

A

Beta subunit

35
Q

What are four uses for the measurement of hCG?

A

Detection of hCG producing tumors, detection of multiples, prediction of spontaneous abortion, and pregnancy testing

36
Q

What are two physiological effects of human placental lactogen (HPL)?

A

Stimulates mammary gland development and monitors decrease in functional placental tissue (stimulates hormone production)

37
Q

What is estriol levels are associated with down syndrome? (Increased or decreased)

A

hCG Decreased in fetal distress

Chemistry Module 4 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions