Endocrine Function II Part 3

Question 0

This stimulates Sertoli cells to produce sperm and negatively feeds back on the anterior pit and hypothalamus

Answer 0

Testosterone

Question 1

What are the 19 carbon androgen compounds responsible for?

Answer 1

Differentiation and maturation of the reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, increased muscle mass and long bone growth

Question 2

These cells produced inhibin that negatively feeds back on the anterior pit and hypothalamus.

Answer 2

Sertoli cells

Question 3

What are three functions of vitamin D?

Answer 3

Stimulates the production of intestinal transport molecules specific for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, works with PTH to enhance bone resorption, and enhances reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus.

Question 4

What is the net effect of vitamin D?

Answer 4

To increase blood levels of both calcium and phosphorus

Question 5

What are two names for biologically active form of vitamin D?

Answer 5

Calcitriol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferaol (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D)

Question 6

Specific site of production of the parathyroid hormone.

Answer 6

Parathyroid gland

Question 7

Specific stimulus for the release of parathyroid hormone?

Answer 7

Low ionized calcium levels in blood

Question 8

Specific effects of the parathyroid hormone on the intestine, kidney, and bone

Answer 8

*

Question 9

What is the net effect of the parathyroid hormone on blood, calcium and phosphorus concentrations?

Answer 9

Increased levels of calcium and decreased levels of phosphorus

Question 10

What are four functions of the parathyroid hormone?

Answer 10

1 Increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus by stimulating the Renal formation of active vitamin D (calcitriol)
2 increases bone resorption (osteoclastic activity)
3 increases renal tubular reabsorption of calcium
4 decreases renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus

Question 11

What is the specific site of production of calcitonin?

Answer 11

Parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

Question 12

What are specific effects of calcitonin on the intestine kidney and bone?

Answer 12

Decreased intestinal reabsorption makes bone (osteoblast), decreases Renal reabsorption

Question 13

What is the net effect of calcitonin on blood calcium and phosphorus?

Answer 13

Decrease in both serum calcium and phosphorous

Question 14

Two functions of calcitonin.

Answer 14

Stimulate bone formation and enhances secretion of filtered calcium and phosphorus

Question 15

What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 15

*adenoma, hyperplasia

Question 16

What are the consequences of hyperparathyroidism on Renal and bone tissue due to hypercalcemia?

Answer 16

Bone resorption as calcium and phosphorus are released to the blood, kidney?

Question 17

Typical serum calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorous, and PTH levels for hyperparathyroidism

Answer 17

Decreased PTH, increased phos, increased calcium, ionized calcium?

Question 18

What is the most common primary cause of hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 18

Surgical Procedure

Question 19

What are the blood/urine calcium and phosphorous levels seen in hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 19

Increased plasma phosphorous, Decreased plasma calcium, Decreased PTH, urine?

Question 20

What are the blood calcium and phosphorus levels associated with hypervitaminosis D?

Answer 20

Increased calcium and increased phos

Question 21

What are two diseases associated with vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 21

Cancer, autoimmune disease, lung disease, infections, schizophrenia, malabsorption dieases

Question 22

Specific site of production of gastrin?

Answer 22

Peptide hormone secreted by G-cells of stomach antrum in response to contact with food (also produced in pancreas)

Question 23

What is the function of gastrin?

Answer 23

Causes hydrochloric acid production by parietal cells in stomach; causes negative feedback as pH decreases

Question 24

What are two diseases that cause hypergastrinemia?

Answer 24

achlorhydria, pernicious anemia, and gastrinomas

Question 25

What is the syndrome associated with gastrinomas?

Answer 25

these cause Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Question 26

What is the specific site of production of secretin?

Answer 26

Secreted by the duodenal and upper jejunal intestinal mucosa after contact with gastric HCl

Question 27

What does secretin do?

Answer 27

It stimulates the pancreas and liver to secrete bicarbonate to counteract stomach acidity

Question 28

What is the specific site of production of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)?

Answer 28

Produced by the upper intestinal mucosal cells after contact with peptones, fatty acids, and HCl entering duodenum

Question 29

What does CCK-PZ cause?

Answer 29

Gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion

Question 30

What is the amine hormone derived from the hydroxylation and decarboxylation of tryptophan?

Answer 30

serotonin

Question 31

What is the specific site of production of serotonin?

Answer 31

synthesized primarily by the enterchromaffin cells located in the GI tract

Question 32

What are two physiological effects of serotonin?

Answer 32

smooth muscle stimulation and vasoconstriction (elevates the mood)

Question 33

What is the syndrome associated with serotonin-producing tumors?

Answer 33

carcinoid syndrome

Question 34

What is the urinary metabolite of serotonin commonly measured in the lab?

Answer 34

24-hour collection for 5-HIAA