Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry Module 4 > Endocrine Function III Part 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine Function III Part 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

Addison’s disease

-clinical symptoms due to mineralcorticoid deficiency

A

Dehydration, hypotension, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Addison’s disease

-clinical symptoms due to glucocorticoid deficiency

A

Fatigue, weakness, weight loss, GI disturbances, post parandial hypoglycemiaz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Addison’s disease

-reason for hyperpigmentation and infertility

A

No negative feedback on anterior pituitary (ex hyperpigmentation not present because ACTH excess is not present to stimulate MSH production)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Addison’s disease

-typical Na, K, blood sugar, cortisol, and ACTH lab results

A

Increased ACTH, decreased cortisol, decreased blood sugar, decreased sodium, and increased potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cause of addisonian crisis?

A

During infection or acute stress, Addison’s patient cannot respond with increased aldosterone and cortisol and can go into shock with hypotension, fever, hypovolemia, and hyperkalemia (life threatening)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the cause of Waterhouse-Friderichsen?

A

Caused by meningococcal meningitis and septicemia; this causes acute adrenal insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common cause of tertiary adrenal insufficiency ?

A

Chronic pharmacological administration of glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are four conditions associated with a hyperfunctioning adrenal cortex?

A

1 primary aldosteronism (Conn’s Syndrome)
2 secondary aldosteronism
3 cushing’s syndrome
4 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
Primary Aldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome)
-cause
A

Adenoma in outermost layer (tumors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Primary Aldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome)
-outstanding clinical symptom
A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Primary Aldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome)
-typical serum and urine K,Na,aldosterone, and renin levels
A

Decreased Potassium, increased sodium, increased aldosterone, decreased renin, increased urine potassium, metabolic alkalosis caused by increased H secretion in urine (caused by increased Na reabsorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are two general causes in secondary aldosteronism?

A

1 decreased blood flow to kidney causing decreased GFR

2 hyperactivity of RAAS causing increase in renin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

-five clinical symptoms

A

Moon face, buffalo hump, truncal obesity, purple striae, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

-three general causes

A

Exogenous glucocorticoid therapy (prednisone), ACTH-dependent syndrome, ACTH-independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

-two specific causes of ACTH-dependent cushing’s

A

Cushing’s, Ectopic ACTH secreting tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

-Two specific causes of ACTH-independent cushing’s

A

Adrenal adenoma, nodular adrenal hyperplasia

16
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

-two recommended screening tests and typical results if patient has syndrome

A
  • 24 hr free cortisol (>120=cushing’s)
  • overnight dexamethasone suppression test
  • AM/PM cortisol levels
17
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

-expected morning and afternoon cortisol levels

A

Increased in AM, decreases over the day normally (cushing’s is increased all the time)

18
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

-typical sodium, potassium, blood sugar, cortisol

A

Increased Na, decreased K, increased blood sugar, and increased cortisol

19
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

-typical ACTH results in Cushing’s syndrome, cushing’s disease, and ectopic ACTH secreting tumors

A

Increased ACTH due to the adrenal cortex being stimulated

20
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (adrenogenital syndrome)
-pathogenesis

A

Caused by enzyme deficiencies in the pathways to produce the glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids; no negative feedback since cortisol not produced and aldosterone is decreased

21
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (adrenogenital syndrome)
-two common enzyme deficiencies

A

21-hydroxylase and 11-beta-hydroxylase

22
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (adrenogenital syndrome)
-expected cortisol, ACTH, progesterone, DHEA, sodium, and potassium levels

A

Decreased cortisol, increased ACTH, increased progesterone, increased DHEA, decreased sodium, and increased potassium

23
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (adrenogenital syndrome)
-typical symptoms in boys and girls

A

Females: abnormalities of external genitalia at birth (cannot tell if male or female); hirsutism, infertility, breast atrophy
Males: appear normal at birth, but have sexual precocity (too much testosterone)
Both: acne, coarsening of voice, scalp recession early in life
Both:

24
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (adrenogenital syndrome)
-lab test included in newborn screen to check for this condition

A

17-hydroxyprogesterone

25
Q

This is an enzyme kinetic assay used to measure angiotensin I produced from angiotensinogen by renin

A

Plasma renin activity test (PRA)

26
Q

Stimulation tests are used to assess _________ hormonal states. (Hypo or hyperfunctioning)

A

Hypofunctioning

27
Q

Suppression tests are used to assess _______ hormonal states (hypo or hyper)

A

Hyperfunctioning

28
Q

ACTH stimulation test

-diagnostic use

A

Differentiate primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s) from secondary (hypopituitarism)

29
Q

ACTH stimulation test

-analyte measured

A

Cortisol

30
Q

ACTH stimulation test

-expected normal response

A

Serum cortisol should double in 30 minutes

31
Q

ACTH stimulation test

-results in Addison’s disease

A

Little or no change in cortisol levels

32
Q

ACTH stimulation test

-results in hypopituitarism

A

Increased levels of cortisol on successive days (2-3) of ACTH stimulation (delayed or “staircase” response)

33
Q

Metyrapone Test

-principle

A

Selectively inhibits 11-beta-hydroxylase, so the conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol is inhibited, allowing unrestricted release of ACTH

34
Q

Metyrapone Test

-diagnostic use

A

Differentiation of normal patients from secondary adrenal insufficiency (hypopituitarism); assesses pituitary ACTH reserve; basically to see how much ACTH the patient can produce)

35
Q

Metyrapone Test

-expected normal response

A

Decreased cortisol, increased 11-deoxycortisol, and increased ACTH

36
Q

Metyrapone Test

-results in hypopituitarism

A

Unchanged cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, and ACTH levels

Chemistry Module 4 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions