Tumor Immunology - Thiele

Question 1

Cells altered by chemicals, mutations, and viruses that result in immortalization is what and how do they occur?

Answer 1

Tumor: Lose contact inhibition and other growth characteristics thus they do not grow faster, just uncontrolled.

Question 2

Monoclonal comes from ____ cell type

Answer 2

one

Question 3

Oilgoclonal comes from multiple cell types, usually up to __

Answer 3

8

Question 4

Polyclonal is

Answer 4

Multiple cell types usually more than 8

Question 5

What is some evidence immune surveillance exists?

Answer 5

1) Post-mortem. Increased tumors
2) Lymphoid infiltrates into tumors are frequently found
3) Spontaneous regression of tumors.
4) Tumors more in neonatal and elderly period.
5) Tumors arrise more in immunosuppressed.

Question 6

Tumor associated antigens are ______ and _________.

Answer 6

Shared and associated- cross reactivity with tumors of common origin

Question 7

If you excise a tumor from a mouse and then inject the mouse with the same tumor, will tumor growth occur? What does this show?

Answer 7

No tumor growth- shows tumor specific antigens

Question 8

Example of normal differentiation antigens: CALLA

Answer 8

Cellular, Acute, Lymphoblastic, Leukemia, Antigen

Question 9

In tumor, you use CD4, CD8, and what else?

Answer 9

Macrophage

Question 10

T cytotoxic cells (CD_+) are capable of killing tumors, but they also need CD_+ T cells for help and direction

Answer 10

8, 4

Question 11

T/F: TH1 cells activates macrophages resulting in type IV hypersensitivity where the host is killing the graft (your tumor)

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F: K or NK cells can release enzymes (Perforin and Granzymes) to lyse the cell without antibody

Answer 12

False- need antibody

Question 13

Mechanisms for Tumor to escape Immunosurveilance

Answer 13

1) No tumor specific antigen expressed so nothing for CD8+ or CD4+ to recognize as foreign.
2) Loss of MHC class 1.
3) Loss of MHC class 2 to present antigen.
4) No appropriate TCR
5) Lack of co-stimulatory molecules would actually result in apoptosis
6) Blocking of antibody by antigen complexes

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Question 14

Active, non-specific, immunotherapy for tumors

Answer 14

Administering immune-modulators

Question 15

Active, specific, immunotherapy for tumors

Answer 15

Therapeutic vaccines of tumor cells, cell extracts, antigens, peptides, proteins, or DNA-pulsed dendritic cells

Question 16

Passive, non-specific, immunotherapy for tumors

Answer 16

Lymphokine activated killer cells are activated in vitro and then placed back in host- no specificity

Question 17

Passive, specific, immunotherapy for tumors

Answer 17

Antibodies alone or coupled to drugs,etc