Innate Adaptive Immunity - Thiele Flashcards
What is responsible for inflammation?
Inflamasome
Humoral adaptive or acquired immune system includes:
B Cells, plasma cells, antibody
Cellular adaptive or acquired immune system includes:
T cells, macrophages, neutrophils
80-90% of all immune responses occur through which branch of the immune system?
Innate
Histiocytes are macrophages in the:
Tissue
True/False: Mononuclear phagocytes have a role in both adaptive and innate immunity?
True
What is the predominant cell making up the white cell count?
Neutrophils
True/False: The host produces PAMPs.
False: host does not produce PAMPS so the innate system does not have to discriminate self from non-self.
What are PAMPs recognized by?
PRRs
PRRs on phagocytes results in: (4)
1) Phagocytosis
2) Opsonization through acute phase proteins
3) Elevated anti-microbial activity
4) Up-regulation of A) adhesion molecules, B) Co-stimulatory molecules
What is opsonization?
INDIRECT RECOGNITION through opsonins: Enhanced phagocytosis that is usually mediated by ligands and receptors, that utilizes the process of phagocytosis. THE JELLY ON THE BREAD
Eosinophils are important in:
Parasitic infections, allergies
Mast cells are important in:
allergies and anaphylaxis: Contain pre-formed histamine
Basophils during inflammation release potent _________ that exacerbate the response. The granules stain ______
Mediators, blue
_____________ have high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and include T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells
Lymphocytes
What cells react with tumor cells and virally infected cells and kill them through apoptosis and enzymes?
Natural Killer cells
T/F: Acute phase proteins help in opsonization because cells have receptors for these acute phase proteins on their cell surface?
True
What is the major coordinator of inflammation and made up of over 20 different proteins?
Complement (Part of Innate Immune system)
A group of proteins that have an effect on other cells:
Interferons
T/F: Alpha or beta interferons infect adjacent cells?
False: They stop infection of adjacent cells
What interferon works through the adaptive immune response to activate T cells and macrophages?
Gamma interferon
In acute inflammation you tend to have higher numbers of what cells?
Neutrophils and activated T helper cells
In chronic inflammation you tend to have higher numbers of what cells?
Macrophages, t cytotoxic, and B cells
A glycoprotein secreted by a plasma cell that is specific for an epitope on an antigen is what?
An antibody
Fab is the fraction of _________ ___________ while Fc is fraction of _______________.
antigen binding, crystallization
T/F: The TCR is secreted
False- never secreted
T/F: T and B memory cells are produced following antigen stimulation?
True
The biologically relevant portion of an antibody is what?
Fc (Fraction of crystallization)
Antibodies functionality is conferred by: (4)
1) Fc receptors on cells
2) Complement activation
3) Complement receptors
4) Placental transfer
T/F: IgM crosses the placenta
False
T/F: IgM is a pentamer
TRUE
T/F: IgM is first immunoglobulin secreted upon antigen stimulation
True
T/F: IgE has an extra piece on the Fc portion that makes it bind only to mast cells
True- In the absence of antigen
IgA is found in __________
Secretions
Ig__ functions as a marker of maturation
IgD
Genetic variability: ________ is conferred by the Fc portion. ____________ is minor genetic differences that are obtained from mom and dad. _______ is an antibody to the antigen combining site (the Vh and Vl)
Isotype, Allotype, Idiotype
T/F: If IgM is present in the baby, the baby is responding?
True: If IgG is present, do not know if it is from mom or baby
