Antibiotics - Baldwin

Question 1

Antibiotic Mechanisms - sulfonamides

Answer 1

competitive antagonism

Question 2

Antibiotic Mechanisms - penicillins

Answer 2

cell wall inhibition

Question 3

Antibiotic Mechanisms - antifungals

Answer 3

cell membrane interference

Question 4

Antibiotic Mechanisms - erythromycin

Answer 4

protein synthesis inhibition

Question 5

Antibiotic Mechanisms - tobramycin

Answer 5

protein synthesis alteration

Question 6

Antibiotic Mechanisms - ciprofloxacin

Answer 6

nucleic acid interference

Question 7

Penicillins

Answer 7

Beta-lactam antibiotics
Low toxicity
Cross-allergenicity
G+ coccal infections

Question 8

IM Penicillins

Answer 8

Procaine & Benzathine or combination

create low blood levels of drug - used for syphilis

Question 9

Ampicillin/Amoxicillin

Answer 9

Penicillin coverage + H. flu + e.coli

used: oral, sinus, skin infection
problems: diarrhea, allergy, maculopapular rash

Question 10

Amoxicillin/Potassium Clavulanate (Augmentin)

Answer 10

fixed dose amoxicillin combination with B-lactamase inhibitor
side effects: GI upset, diarrhea

Question 11

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins (2)

Answer 11

Oxacillin

Dicloxacillin

Question 12

1st Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 12

gram-positive cocci

Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Cefadroxil

Question 13

2nd Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 13

gram-positive cocci, some gram-negative, some anaerobes

Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin

Question 14

3rd Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 14

gram-positive cocci, > gram-negative spectrum can penetrate CSF
Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime

Question 15

4th Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 15

gram-positive, increased activity versus enterobacteriacea, pseudomonas

Question 16

Macrolides - Erythromycin uses

Answer 16

penicillin substitute for Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, or campylobacter

Question 17

Macrolides - Azithromycin

Answer 17

more gram-negative coverage than erythromycin

Question 18

Macrolides - Clarithromycin

Answer 18

used is AIDs related infections; H. pylori eradication

Question 19

Ketolide

Answer 19

Telithromycin - macrolide derivative
community acquired pneumonias > 18
liver & other toxicities

Question 20

Tetracyclines

Answer 20

Gram-negative rods, rickettsial, chlamydia, lyme disease, acne, penicillin-resistant G+ infections

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

Question 21

Tetracyclines Contraindications & Side Effects

Answer 21

AVOID in pregnancy

GI upset, tooth staining, vertigo

Question 22

Clindamycin

Answer 22

aerobic gram-positive cocci

problem: C. difficile overgrowth

Question 23

Vancomycin

Answer 23

used for MRSA, staph epidermidis

Question 24

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 24

DNA gyrase inhibitors
gram negative rods & cocci, psuedomonas, gram positive
Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin

Question 25

Sulfonamide Toxicities

Answer 25

allergic reactions

blood dyscrasias

Question 26

Metronidazole Use

Answer 26

used against anaerobes of GI origin, giardia, bacterial, trichomonal vaginal infections

Question 27

Metronidazole Toxicities

Answer 27

nausea, headache, metallic taste, disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

Question 28

Antibiotics and Oral Contraceptives

Answer 28

amoxicillin, metronidazole and tetracyclines - interfere with oral contraceptive efficacy