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Adult/Ped Medicine 5 > Immunizations - Hoffman > Flashcards

Immunizations - Hoffman Flashcards

1
Q

Intramuscular (IM) Route of Vaccine Administration

A

Upper thigh in infants, deltoid when muscle mass is sufficient

***Buttock should be avoided due to sciatic nerve damage and inconsistent IM deposition

  • Hep A & B
  • DTap/Dtap
  • Hib
  • Strep
  • IPV
  • Influenza
  • Meningococcal
  • HPV
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2
Q

Subcutaneous (SQ) Route of Vaccine Administration

A

Usually “pinch” the skin and inject into fatty tissue under the skin.

MMR & Varicella

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3
Q

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) Types

A

23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (23-PS) available (>2 years)

FDA licensed new 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) - < 2 years

Prevnar 13 – a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)

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4
Q

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV): Contraindications/Precuations

A
  • known hypersensitivity
  • moderate to severe illness
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5
Q

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV): Side Effects

A
  • Local erythema
  • Induration
  • Tenderness
  • Fussiness
  • Low grade to moderate fever
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6
Q

MMR Vaccine

Measles, Mumps, Rubella

Administration

A
  • Given subcutaneously
  • 1st dose: 12-15 months (minimum age is 12 months)
  • 2nd dose: 4-6 years (at school entry)
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7
Q

MMR Vaccine

Measles, Mumps, Rubella

Contraindications & Precuations

A

Contraindications:

  • Anaphylaxis
  • Pregnancy
  • Immunodeficiency

Precautions:

  • Recent immune globulin administration
  • History of thrombocytopenia
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8
Q

MMR Vaccine

Measles, Mumps, Rubella

Side Effects:

A
  • Local tenderness/swelling
  • Fever 7-10 days after
  • Morbiliform rash
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9
Q

Active Immunity

A

Vaccination with live, live attenuated, or inactivated organisms, their components or their products to stimulate protective immunologic response

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9
Q

Contraindications for All Vaccines

A

Anaphylactic reaction to previous doses is an absolute contraindication for further doses

Anaphylactic reaction to any component

Moderate to severe illness with or without fever

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9
Q

Rotavirus Vaccine

A

Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine

Adminster three primary doses at 2, 4 and 6 months

***Should not be initiated after age 12 weeks and not to be given at all after 32 weeks of age

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11
Q

Meningococcal Vaccine - MPSV 4

A

Children age 2-10 in susceptible children

  • Complement deficiency
  • Anatomic or functional asplenia
  • Other high-risk groups
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12
Q

Varicella Vaccine:

**Administration **

A
  • live, attenuated virus
  • 1st dose - 12-18 months or teens and adults with no history of natural infection
  • 2nd dose – 4-6 years (new for 2007) 95% seroconvert after 1 dose
  • >13 years, 2nd dose 4-8 weeks later
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13
Q

Varicella Vaccine:

Side Effects

A
  • Local tenderness
  • varicelliform rash within 1 month
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14
Q

Influenza Vaccine

Administration

A
  • First dose: 6 months
  • Dose yearly – vaccine typically updated.
  • After age 2, option of live-attenuated (nasal spray).
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15
Q

Influenza Vaccine

Precautions

A
  • Avoid in asthma, wheezing past 12 months, underlying medical conditions.
  • Avoid if egg allergy.
16
Q

Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV)

Administration

A
  • Given intramuscularly
  • 2 months, 4 months, 6-9 months, 4-6 years
  • Minimum of 4 weeks between 1st and 2nd doses
17
Q

Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV)

Side Effects

A
  • VAPP with OPV
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Guillan-Barre??
18
Q

Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Vaccine
DTaP, TDaP, Td

Administration

A

Diphtheria toxoid; Tetanus toxoid; Acellular pertussis

  • Four primary doses and one booster
  • Given intramuscularly
  • Typically 2, 4, 6 months, and 12-18 months
  • Booster at 4-6 years; or if dirty cut and less than 5 year since last booster
19
Q

Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Vaccine
DTaP, TDaP, Td

Contraindications & Precuations

A

Contraindications

  • Encephalopathy within 7 days of administration of previous dose

Precuations

  • Temperature >40.5° C within 48 hours of previous dose
  • Collapse or shock-like state within 48 hrs of previous dose
  • Seizures within 3 days of previous dose
  • Persistent/inconsolable crying >3 hours within 48 hrs of previous dose
20
Q

Meningococcal Vaccine - MCV4

A
  • Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine
  • Administer at 11-12 yrs or the 7th grade physical
  • A booster is given at college entry
22
Q

Recombinant Products Vaccines

A

Hepatitis B

Recombinant Products - A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus, or of a portion of the pathogen’s structure that upon administration stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection

22
Q

Immunogenic Components of Bacteria Vaccines

A

Pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Streptococcus pneumoniae

Toxoids – Diphtheria, Tetanus

24
Q

Haemophilus influenzae, type B(Hib) Vaccine

A

Administration:

  • Given Intramuscularly
  • Can be given with other vaccinations
  • 2, 4, and 6 months with booster at 12-15 months

No contraindications and minimal side effects.

25
Q

Inactivated/Killed Vaccines

A

Polio, Hepatitis A, Influenza

26
Q

HPV Vaccine

A
  • Quadrivalent vaccine against HPV Types 6, 11, 16, and 18
  • Administer first dose to females/males 11-12 years or before they become sexually active
  • Second dose at 2 months
  • Third dose at 6 months
27
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Trans-placental transfer of maternal antibodies
Administration of antibodies, either as: Immunoglobulin, OR Monoclonal antibody

28
Q

Heptatis A

A
  • Minimum age is 12 months
  • 2 doses, given at least 6 months apart, starting after 1 year of age
  • Can be given to older children and adolescents
29
Q

Common Vaccine Side Effects

A
  • Localized tenderness
  • Localized erythema
  • Fever
  • Fussiness
  • Allergic reaction
30
Q

Other Ingredients in Vaccine

A
  • Suspending Fluids (saline, tissue culture)
  • Preservatives
  • Stabilizers
  • Antibiotics (Prevent bacterial overgrowth)
  • Adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity

*All can contribute to local side effects and rarely, can cause anaphylaxis (egg antigens, antibiotics, gelatin)

31
Q

Hepatitis B Vaccine

Who gets it:

A

Universal hep B immunizations in infancy as well as children and adolescents who missed immunization during infancy or those who are at increased risk

32
Q

Hepatitis B Vaccine

Administration

A

Given IM (intramuscularly)

1st dose – at birth (within 12 hours)
2nd dose – 1-2 months
3rd dose – 6 months

33
Q

Hepatitis B Vaccine

Contraindications and Side Effects

A

Contrindications: none

SE: Localized tenderness, rare hypersensitivity, reaction to yeast or vaccine preservatives

34
Q

Live attenuated vaccinations

A

Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella

Live Attenuated is the actual viruses – weakened or altered so that the child doesn’t get sick. These vaccines STING!

Adult/Ped Medicine 5 (17 decks)

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