Tudors Key Individuals

Question 1

Henry VII’s step father was involved in the Battle of Bosworth and was rewarded with Earl of Derby, crucial to the exercise of power in Northwest of England.

Answer 1

Lord Thomas Stanley

Question 2

Son of Edward VI’s brother and was placed in the Tower of London in 1485. Alleged to have plotted with Warbeck and was executed for doing so.

Answer 2

Edward, Earl of Warwick

Question 3

Brother of Thomas Stanley and step uncle of Henry VII and was rewarded with Lord Chamberlain. Accused of treason after plotting with Warbeck.

Answer 3

Sir William Stanley

Question 4

Nephew of Edward IV and Richard III, latter’s designated successor.

Answer 4

John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln

Question 5

Churchman and lawyer, promoted for his services by Henry VII to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1486, and Cardinal in 1493.

Answer 5

John Morton

Question 6

Helped Henry VII raise funds during Bosworth. His role was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Also initially led Council Learned.

Answer 6

Sir Reginald Bray

Question 7

Eventually chaired Council Learned, identified with the ruthlessness of Henry VII’s reign. Arrested and executed after death of Henry VII.

Answer 7

Sir Richard Empson

Question 8

Came to prominence after Bray’s death. Role was to exploit financial opportunities which made him enemies. Again arrested and executed after death of Henry VII.

Answer 8

Edmund Dudley

Question 9

Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 to 1519, was married to Mary of Burgandy and through her gained control of Netherlands.

Answer 9

Maximilian I

Question 10

King of France from 1483 to 1498.

Answer 10

Charles VIII

Question 11

Known as the ‘uncrowned King of Ireland’ he was the leading member of the Irish nobility. Henry VII was dependant on him to control Ireland.

Answer 11

Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare

Question 12

Henry’s most trusted military commander, led Bosworth.

Answer 12

John De Vere, Earl of Oxford

Question 13

Originally a Yorkist, but he rebelled against Richard III and then fought for Henry at Bosworth. Led the Crown’s forces against Cornish rebels and succeeded Stanley as Lord Chamberlain.

Answer 13

Giles, Baron Daubeney

Question 14

In 1487 was Bishop of Exeter and Lord Keeper of the Seal and helped with Crowns finances.

Answer 14

Richard Fox

Question 15

An Italian humanist. Welcomed into Henry VII court and began writing ‘History of England’.

Answer 15

Polydore Vergil

Question 16

A merchant involved in the Venetian spice trade and explorer.

Answer 16

John Cabot

Question 17

Dutch scholar whose influential book ‘Handbook of a Christian Soldier’ sought to regenerate Christianity through emphasis on education and rejection of Church’s traditional ceremonies.

Answer 17

Erasmus

Question 18

Dean of St. Paul’s and his surviving sermons were highly critical of the clergy, favouring the growth of Protestantism.

Answer 18

John Colet

Question 19

Distinguished lawyer and humanist scholar, most famous as author of ‘Utopia’. Appointed as Lord Chancellor after fall of Wolsey. Was later executed for treason under Henry VIII.

Answer 19

Sir Thomas More

Question 20

Fought for Richard III at Bosworth, after which was imprisoned for treason. Title restored his title when he suppressed Yorkshire Rebellion after which was promoted to Duchy of Norfolk.

Answer 20

Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and second Duke of Norfolk

Question 21

Lawyer, then secretary to Wolsey then principal secretary to Henry VIII. Masterminded the dissolution of the monastries.

Answer 21

Thomas Cromwell

Question 22

Came to Henry VIII’s attention through the Collectanea Satis Copoisa. Later became Archbishop of Canterbury until burnt for heresy under Mary I.

Answer 22

Thomas Cranmer

Question 23

Principal secretary to Henry VIII and then Bishop of Winchester. He supported the break from Rome but retained conservative Catholic views. This led to imprisonment under Edward VI but returned to favour under Mary.

Answer 23

Stephen Gardiner

Question 24

Owed his advancement to Cromwell’s patronage. Appointed joint principal secretary in 1540 and attached himself to Gardner. Appointed Lord Chancellor in 1544. Slippery.

Answer 24

Thomas Wriothesley

Question 25

Marquis of Hertford and later Duke of Somerset. Brother of Jane Seymour and uncle of Edward VI. Lord Protector to Edward VI.

Answer 25

Edward Seymour

Question 26

Led Pilgrimage of Grace. Tried to negotiate a settlement with the King but was executed after the outbreak of renewed rebellion in 1537.

Answer 26

Robert Aske

Question 27

A German monk who challenged the Catholic Church’s teaching on salvation. Gained support from many secular rulers in Germany.

Answer 27

Martin Luther

Question 28

Key household officer under Edward VI as Groom of the Stool and Chief Gentleman of the Privy Chamber. Imprisoned when Somerset fell from power and executed after Somerset’s coup against Northumberland.

Answer 28

Michael Stanhope

Question 29

Enjoyed a working relationship with Somerset but this deteriorated. He overthrow Somerset and became Lord president of the Council. Executed for treason after the failure of the plot to place LDJ on throne.

Answer 29

John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland

Question 30

Great-granddaughter of Henry VII. Protestant, married Guildford Dudley. Declared Queen after Edward VI. Initially spared by Mary, she was executed for treason.

Answer 30

Lady Jane Grey

Question 31

Cambridge educated reformer. Emerged as prominent reformer under Edward. Burnt as a heretic.

Answer 31

Nicolas Ridley

Question 32

Edward VI’s most radical bishop. Appointed chaplain to Somerset. Northumberland appointed him bishop of Gloucester. Burnt as heretic under Mary.

Answer 32

John Hooper

Question 33

Went into exile in Italy rather than adhere to religious reforms under Henry VIII. Made a cardinal in 1536. Returned in 1554 as Archbishop of Canterbury but wider influence diminished.

Answer 33

Cardinal Reginald Pole

Question 34

Mary’s husband. In 1554 he ruled Netherlands on behalf of his father, whom he succeeded in 1556. Shared Mary’s devout Catholicism.

Answer 34

Philip of Spain

Question 35

Enjoyed prominence under Somerset and Northumberland. Managed Elizabeth’s succession smoothly and served her for almost 40 years, first as Principal Secretary and then from 1572 as Lord Treasurer.

Answer 35

William Cecil

Question 36

Young son of the Duke of Northumberland and a childhood friend of Elizabeth. Survived the downfall of his father to become Elizabeth’s favourite.

Answer 36

Robert Dudley, first Earl of Leicester

Question 37

Reluctant appointee as Elizabeth’s first Archbishop of Canterbury.

Answer 37

Matthew Parker

Question 38

Only son of William Cecil’s second marriage (Burghley). Member of Privy Council in 1593 and secretary of state in 1596.

Answer 38

Sir Robert Cecil

Question 39

Lost favour following the failure of his mission in Ireland and responded to this with a rebellion in 1601 which resulted in execution.

Answer 39

Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex

Question 40

Vice Chancellor of Cambridge as an opponent of Presbyterian Church, Cartwright. He dismissed him Cartwright from his Professorship and in a subsequent pamphlet was a defender of the royal supremacy. Rewarded by being appointed bishop of Worcester in 1577 and promoted to Archbishop of Canterbury in 1583. Only churchman to be appointed by E1 to membership of Privy Council.

Answer 40

John Whitgift