Trigger 7: TBI associated disorders Flashcards
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
a progressive degenerative disease, which starts which memory loss and mood swings and then difficulty concentrating… progressing into demetia
is there a cure for CTE
no
CTE
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
what other diseases which have been given different names are also CTE
boxing demential and punch drunk syndrome
boxing dementia and punch drunk syndrome are
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
cause of CTE
repetitive mild TBI
who does CTE effect
athletes (boxing, rugby football etc) and veterance
symptoms of CTE
Memory loss, depression, suicidal thought, explosive or aggressive behaviour, trouble walking and speaking
pathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Tau protein tangles first accumulate in the brain cortex. Tau collects around blood vessels and deep in cortical sulci of the brain (decreased surface area of actual brain)
treatment of CTE
none
evidence of links between head trauma and long-term degenerative disease e.g. alzheimers
both have hyper phosphorylated Tau proteins associate with dementias –> brains look similar e.g. lose surface area
who are at higher risk of CTE and demential
those with Apolipoprotein E genotypes (APoE)
demential pugilistica
boxing demential
boxing dementia associated with
- Associated with slurred speech
- Memory impairment and Parkinson-like syndrome
- Punch-drunk syndrome
- Thought to be the same as CTE
describe the time scale of dementia caused by TBI (rate of cognitive decline)
1) head injury
2) acute effects of TBI
3) recovery- but loss of functional reserve
4) functional reserve decreases to threshold for dementia
what happens in the brain during TBI/ CTE
- enlarged ventricle dn loss in brain matter
- gyri are a lot chunkier and prominent
- shrinking of the brain
why are gyro chunkier and more prominennt
due to shrinkage of brain matter
what is SIS
secondary impact syndrome
what is secondary impact syndrome
occurs when a second head injury occurs before the 1st has cleared
SIS are
rare but life-threatening
SIS occurs after
back to back concussions
SIS results in
a loss of auto regulation of the blood supply
loss of auto regulation of the blood supply
- vascular engorgment
- increased intracranial pressure
- rapid brain stem failure (2-5 mins)
how quickly can brain stem failure occur after SIS
2-5 mins due to increased intracranial pressure
how many SIS result in death
50%
people who survive SIS often go on to get
dementia or gain severe disabilities
examples of how SIS and CTE individuals are supported
using mobile apps
