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(6-10) Translational Medical Science > Trigger 6: Wound Healing > Flashcards

Trigger 6: Wound Healing Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

tissue repair definition

A

the regeneration of damage tissue by parenchymal cells of the same type or replacement by connective tissue (scar)

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2
Q

parenchymal cells

A

the functional parts of an organ

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3
Q

connective tissue is

A

scaring

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4
Q

causes of damage

A

trauma, infection, physical or chemical agents tissue necrosis, immune reactions

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5
Q

immune reactions e.g.

A

hypersensitivity reaction - asthma or anaphylaxis

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6
Q

what are the four phase of tissue repair (in order)

A
  1. Haemostasis
  2. Inflammation
  3. Proliferation
  4. Remodelling
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7
Q
  1. Haemostasis
A

platelet aggregation and clotting which leads to the release of pro-infllamtory mediated

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8
Q

when does haemostats occur

A

within hours of damage

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9
Q

platelets during haemostats causes

A

a fibrin plug to form- prevent bleeding

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10
Q

platelets recruit

A

inflammatory cells using cytokines and growth factor

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11
Q

what occurs after haemostasis

A

inflammation

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12
Q
  1. Inflammation causes
A

diapedesis

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13
Q

diapedesis

A

the passage of white blood cells through the intact walls of the lung capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.

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14
Q

inflammation occurs within

A

hours

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15
Q

role of inflammation

A

recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages

  • wound debridement
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16
Q

wound debridement

A

removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue.

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17
Q

what happens after inflammation

A

proliferation

18
Q
  1. Proliferation
A

alterations to cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions

19
Q

proliferation involved

A

cross talks between MMPs, interns, cytokines/GF and ECM production which cause migration of cells

20
Q

when does proliferation occur

A

within days

21
Q

proliferation causes what to happen (4)

A
  • re-epithelialisation
  • angiogenesis
  • fibroplasia
  • ECM deposition
22
Q

fibroplasia

A

process of forming fibrous tissue (fibroblasts)

23
Q

extra cellular matrix

A

a three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules:

1) collagen
2) enzymes
3) glycoproteins

provide structural and biochemical support of surrounding cells

24
Q

what happens after proliferation

A

remodelling

25
Q
  1. Remodelling
A

involves fibroblasto to myofibroblast differentiation

26
Q

when does remodelling occur

A

within weeks/ months

27
Q

remodelling involves

A

ECM remodelling and degradation, contraction and scar formation

28
Q

which cells are important during aberrant wound healing in lung fibrosis?

A
  • epithelial
  • macrophage
  • fibroblast
  • myofibroblast
  • endothelial cells
29
Q

aberrant wound healing

A

abnormal wound healing

30
Q

haemostats simple

A

Is a process which causes bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel. It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel.

31
Q

fibroblast

A

Involved in formation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Differentiate into myofibroblasts

32
Q

fibroblast differentiate into

A

myofibroblasts

33
Q

myofibroblasts

A

a cell that is in between a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell in phenotype

34
Q

extracellular matrix provides

A
  • structural support

- regulates movement and growth of cells

35
Q

what is the ECM made up of

A

collagen- structural support

elastin- elastic stretch and recoil

proteoglycan- regulate ECM structure and permeability

adhesive glycoproteins

interns

36
Q

collagen

A

tensile strength

37
Q

elastin

A

elastic stretch and recoil

38
Q

proteoglycan

A

regulates ECM structure and permeability, binds GFs

39
Q

which adhesive glycoproteins

A

fibronectin and laminin

40
Q

integrins

A

major cell surface receptor family- mediating cell adhesion to ECM

(6-10) Translational Medical Science (40 decks)

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