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(6-10) Translational Medical Science > Trigger 7: TBI > Flashcards

Trigger 7: TBI Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

definition of TBI

A

injury to the brain caused by trauma to the head, not of degenerative or congenital off nature, requiring external physical force

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2
Q

TBI is not a result of

A

degenerative or congenital disorders

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3
Q

how many deaths result from TBI

A

1/3

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4
Q

the main causes of TBI

A

falling and car crash

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5
Q

who can suffer from TBI

A

ayone

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6
Q

examples of TBI

A

hitting head

meningitis

subdural haematoma

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7
Q

when does TBI have to be sustained to count

A

after birth (cant happen to a fetus)

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8
Q

why is plagiocephaly not a TBI

A

happens in the wound

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9
Q

frontal lobe

A

concentrate, problem solving and speech

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10
Q

parietal

A

senses e.g. touch, pain and temp

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11
Q

occipital

A

vision

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12
Q

temporal

A

memory and organisation

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

balance and coordination

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14
Q

brainstem

A

breathing and heart rate

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15
Q

TBI fontal injury

A

lack of focus, irritability and language difficult

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16
Q

TBI parietal injury

A

difficult with reading and spatial misperception

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17
Q

TBI occipital injury

A

blind spots and blurred vision

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18
Q

TBI temporal

A

problems with short and longer term memory

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19
Q

TBI cerebellum

A

difficult walking and slurred speech

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20
Q

TBI brainstem

A

changes in breath and difficult swallowing

21
Q

two types of TBI

A

open head injury

closed head injury

22
Q

open head injury

A

penetrating injury- where the bone and hair goes into the brain

23
Q

example of open head injury

A

Phineas gage- personality change

24
Q

every of open head injury dependant on

A

which area is damaged

25
Q

damage to both hemispheres, ventricles or multiple lobes are

A

fatal

26
Q

close head injury

A

blunt injury

27
Q

example of blunt injury

A

falling over and stroke

28
Q

which type of injury is very sports related

A

closed head injury

29
Q

types of closed head injruy

A

coup and contra coupe injuries

30
Q

a coup injury occurs

A

under the site of impact within an object

31
Q

a contracoup injury

A

occurs due to COUNTER LASH, where injury occurs on the side opposite to the area that was hit

32
Q

if patient has subdural haematoma

A

they will have both coup and contra coup injuries

33
Q

with the suck you get

A

rotational acceleration forces e.g. shaking a baby back and force

34
Q

symptoms of concussion

A

sadness
balance issues
sleeping more or less
memory loss

35
Q

what happens to the brain during concussion (3)

A

(1) axonal injuury
(2) a little bit of bouncing
(3) neuronal death

36
Q

axonal injury

A

caused by tearing and sheering- which cause axonal injury - white maater

37
Q

neuronal death

A

grey matter- caused by axonal injury

38
Q

subdural haematoma

A

bleeding under the dura mater (covering the brain)

39
Q

white matter injruy

A

reers to axonal damage

40
Q

white matter injuries occur due to

A

twisting and tearing of the brain inside the skull

41
Q

secondary damage orcs when

A

soon after trauma

42
Q

what does secondary damage cause

A

changes in blood flow, oxygen level and excitotoxicity (INFLAMMATION)

43
Q

what causes damage to the axon

A

shearing and tearing forces- some rotational aspect

44
Q

TBI causes loss of

A

both white (axonal) and grey (neuronal) matter

45
Q

axonal

A

white matter

46
Q

neuronal

A

grey

47
Q

explain how damage to the axon causes damage to neurone

A

white matter is the initial tearing- which causes release of cytokine. These cytokines KILLLL neurones

48
Q

diffuse axonal injury

A

associated with acceleration/deceleration and rotational forces acting on the head, which may cause excessive axonal stretching and the structural damage.’

(6-10) Translational Medical Science (40 decks)

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