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BIOCHEM > Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle > Flashcards

Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the TCA cycle also known as?

A

Citric acid cycle

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2
Q

The TCA cycle connects the __ ___ to the electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation pathway in the generation of metabolic energy as ATP molecules

A

glycolysis pathway

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3
Q

What does the TCA cycle generate?

A

Metabolic energy as ATP molecules

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4
Q

The three linked pathways result in the production of ____ molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose

A

30-32

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5
Q

How many ATP/glucose are produced in glycolysis?

A

2 ATP/glucose

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6
Q

How many ATP/glucose are produced in the TCA cycle?

A

2 ATP/glucose

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7
Q

What is the total number of ATP/glucose produced via the three linked pathways?

A

30-32 ATP/glucose

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8
Q

What enters the TCA cycle?

A

Carbon

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9
Q

Carbon enters the TCA cycle as the two-carbon acetyl group of _____

A

acetyl-coenzyme A

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10
Q

The acetyl groups are derived from the ___ ___ ___ molecule

A

three-carbon pyruvate

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11
Q

What is the major product if glycolysis?

A

three-carbon pyruvate

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12
Q

What are the products of the TCA cycle?

A

2 ATP, CO2, NADH, and FADH2

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13
Q

2 pyruvate —-> acetyl-CoA

A

Glycolysis —-> TCA cycle

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14
Q

The glycolysis pathway is connected to the TCA cycle by the conversion of two of the three carbon atoms of ____ into the acetyl group of _____

A

pyruvate, acetyl-coenzyme A

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15
Q

What are the most important products of the TCA cycle?

A

NADH & FADH2

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16
Q

Protons and electrons connect & stimulate the next ____

A

Pathway, Oxidative electron transport phosphorylation

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17
Q

NADH binds to the ___ complex protein of the electron transport chain

A

first

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18
Q

FADH2 binds to the ___ complex protein of the electron transport chain

A

second

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19
Q

Protons are released into the ___ ___ of the cell

A

inter membrane space

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20
Q

The interaction of molecular oxygen with complex ___ leads to the production of H20

A

four

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21
Q

Complex four is stimulated by what reaction?

A

O2 from our lungs being converted into water

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22
Q

___ molecules are transported between complex 3 and 4

A

cytochrome c

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23
Q

NADH —-> NAD+ + ___ + ___

A

H+, 2e-

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24
Q

What two components are also involved in addition to oxygen to produce water?

A

protons and electrons

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25
Q

Coenzyme A contains pantothenic acid and the _____ ____

A

nucleoside adenosine

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26
Q

Coenzyme A bonds acetyl groups through the _____ group at the end of the molecule

A

sulfhydryl (-SH)

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27
Q

What enzyme converts pyruvate into acetyl coA?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

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28
Q

What is the active group of acetyl coA?

A

sulfhydryl

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29
Q

coenzymeA contains __ and __

A

pantothenic acid, adenosine

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30
Q

How does coenzyme A bind acetyl groups?

A

Through the sulfhydryl (SH) group at the end of the molecule

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31
Q

What two things occur when pyruvate is turned into acetyl coA?

A

O2 converts to CO2, NAD+ converts to NADH

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32
Q

Acetyl coA is a ___ carbon molecule

A

2

33
Q

(1) what two things combine to create citrate?

A

oxaloacetate & acetyl -coA

34
Q

(1) what is the short lived intermediate molecule produced during citrate synthesis?

A

citrate synthase

35
Q

1 acetyl coA molecule produces ___ NADH molecule

A

1

36
Q

How many CO2s are released per cycle?

A

2

37
Q

How many FADH molecules are created per cycle?

A

1

38
Q

One carbon of pyruvate is released in the form of ___ so that it can enter the cycle

A

CO2

39
Q

What enzyme converts pyruvate into acetyl coA?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

40
Q

What is the active group of acetyl coA?

A

sulfhydryl

41
Q

coenzymeA contains ___ __ and ___

A

pantothenic acid, adenosine

42
Q

(2) citrate is converted to isocitrate by ___

A

aconitase

43
Q

(3) isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate by

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

44
Q

(4) alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to succinylcholine coA by

A

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenous

45
Q

___ is released when isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate

A

CO2

46
Q

___ is released when alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to succinylcholine-coA

A

CO2

47
Q

(5) succinylcholine coA is converted to succinate by

A

succinyl coA synthetase

48
Q

(6) succinate coA is converted to fumarate by

A

succinate dehydrogenase

49
Q

(7) fumarate is converted to malate by

A

fumarase

50
Q

how many carbons are in oxaloacetate?

A

4

51
Q

how many carbons are in citrate?

A

6

52
Q

how many carbons are in isocitrate?

A

6

53
Q

how many carbons are in alpha-ketoglutarate?

A

5

54
Q

how many carbons are in succinylcholine coA?

A

4

55
Q

how many carbons are in succinate?

A

4

56
Q

how many carbons are in fumarate?

A

4

57
Q

how many carbons are in malate?

A

4

58
Q

What is released when oxaloacetate is converted into citrate?

A

coA (SH) , H2O

59
Q

The reaction of oxaloacetate to citrate is a __ step reaction

A

2

60
Q

The reaction of citrate to isocitrate is a __ step reaction

A

2

61
Q

____ groups are lost in the form of CO2

A

carboxyl

62
Q

What extra enzyme is seen during the conversion of succinylcholine coA to succinate and acts to convert ADP to ATP?

A

nucleoside diphosphate kinase

63
Q

During what conversion is GTP produced from GDP

A

succinyl coA to succinate

64
Q

During what conversion is FADH2 produced?

A

succinate to fumarate

65
Q

The ____ ___ reaction produces FADH2

A

succinate dehydrogenase

66
Q

What is unique about the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase?

A

it is an integral membrane protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane

67
Q

Asparagine can be produced from what TCA molecule?

A

oxaloacetate

68
Q

lysine, isoleucine, and methionine can be produced from what TCA molecule?

A

fumarate

69
Q

Where are all of the enzymes besides succinate located in the TCA cycle?

A

Water soluble proteins in the mitochondrial matrix

70
Q

acetyl coA is the precursor to what groups of molecules ?

A

fatty acids and steroids

71
Q

Succinate is _____

A

hydrophobic

72
Q

Uses of TCA cycle intermediates:
alpha-ketoglutarate

A

amino acids, nucleotides

73
Q

Uses of TCA cycle intermediates:
fumarate

A

amino acids, nucleotides

74
Q

Uses of TCA cycle intermediates:
oxaloacetate

A

amino acides, nucleotides, carbohydrates

75
Q

Uses of TCA cycle intermediates:
acetyl coA

A

fatty acids, steroids

76
Q

What molecules can synthesize from the TCA cycle?

A

amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, fatty acids, steroids

77
Q

Malate is converted to oxaloacetate is by

A

maltase dehydrogenase

78
Q

pyruvate is the starting molecule for ___, ___, and ____

A

alanine, leucine and valine

BIOCHEM (16 decks)

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