Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOCHEM > Protein synthesis > Flashcards

Protein synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

proteins are synthesized at the ____

A

ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

During the process of translation, proteins are synthesized at the ____ by linking ___ ____ together in the order specified by the sequence of codons in mRNA

A

ribosome, amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prokaryotes are know as the ____S ribosomes

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

eukaryotes are known as the ___S ribosomes

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two parts of the prokaryotic ribosomes?

A

30S, 50S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two parts of the eukaryotic ribosomes?

A

40S, 60S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a prokaryote can contain ____ ribosomes and a eukaryote can contain _____

A

20,000, 200,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what percent rRNA is the small pro subunit (30S)?

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what percent rRNA is the large pro subunit (50S)?

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what percent rRNA is the small euk subunit (40S)?

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what percent rRNA is the large euk subunit (60S)?

A

65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three phases of protein synthesis?

A

initiation, elongation, and termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Involves binding of mRNA to the small and large ribosomal subunits, and binding of an initiator tRNA

A

initiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Includes the formation of all peptide bonds of the growing polypeptide chain.

A

elongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Occurs when a “stop” codon is reached along the mRNA, which leads to the release of the completed polypeptide.

A

termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the purpose of the gap between the ribosomal subunits?

A

mRNA goes through, RNA, growing protein chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where does the new amino acid bind to the ribosome?

A

A site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

at what site does the growing polypeptide growing?

A

P site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

at what site is the exit site for tRNA

A

E site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what holds the growing chain to the P site?

A

the anticodon and tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pro: EF-Tu

A

eEf1(alpha)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pro: EF-Ts

A

eEF1(beta)(gamma)

23
Q

pro: EF-G

A

eEF2

24
Q

what is the eukaryotic release factor?

A

eRF1

25
Q

what are the prokaryotic release factors?

A

RF-1, RF-2, RF-3

26
Q

initiation begins with the binding of ____ and the ___ _____ to the 30S ribosomal subunit

A

mRNA, initiator tRNA

27
Q

all other parts of the growing chain attach to the ___ site except for the initiator, which attaches to the ___ site

A

A, P

28
Q

what happens to GTP during initiation?

A

breaks down into GDP

29
Q

what it the anticodon sequence of f-met-tRNA?

A

5’CAU3’

30
Q

The 70S initiation complex consists of the __ and __ ribosomal subunits, mRNA, and the initiator tRNA bound to the P site

A

30S and 50S

31
Q

The mRNA and ___ are in the gap between the two subunits

A

tRNA

32
Q

What else is involved in the initiation of protein synthesis?

A

The initiation factors IF-1, IF-3, IF-2, and GTP
are also required

33
Q

The initiator ___ binds to the P
site on the 30S subunit, and the
___ subunit joins the 30S subunit

A

tRNA, 50S

34
Q

The initiator tRNA of E coli is

A

f-Met-tRNA

35
Q

during peptide chain elongation, the first stage is the binding of a new ______ to the A site

A

aminoacyl-tRNA

36
Q

what elongation factor brings about the binding of a new aminoacyl-tRNA to the A Site?

A

EF-Tu

37
Q

what elongation factor recycles EF-Tu after it binds an aminoacyl-tRNA?

A

EF-Ts

38
Q

the ____ _____ activity is not due to a protein enzyme, but is due to an RNA enzyme activity of the peptidyl transferase center of the 23S rRNA and the 50S subunit

A

peptidyl transferase

39
Q

translocation of the peptide chain back to the P site is brought about by elongation factor _____

A

EF-G

40
Q

Peptidyl transfer is the step that forms the ___ ___ between the new amino acid and the growing polypeptide chain

A

peptide bond

41
Q

The elongation cycle requires what three factors?

A

EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G

42
Q

activated EF-TU is required for aminoacyl-tRNA to bind, and it is activated by ____

A

GTP

43
Q

____ is the second enzyme in addition to EF-TU that needs to be activated by GTP

A

EF-G

44
Q

The binding of release factors to the A site transforms
the ___ ___ ___, that forms the peptide bond between amino acids, into a hydrolase.

A

ribosomal peptidyl transferase

45
Q

The peptidyl transferase then ____ the bond
linking the polypeptide to its tRNA carrier, thereby
releasing the polypeptide

A

hydrolyzes

46
Q

the presence of a ___ ____ at the A site brings about the binding of 2 release factors to the A site (always at lease RF-3) along with GTP

A

stop codon

47
Q

the biding of release factors to the A site transforms the ribosomal peptydyl transferase into a ____, which breaks covalent bonds

A

hydrolase

48
Q

after dissocitation, there is ___ ____ between the pool of 50S ribosomes and 30S ribosomes

A

dynamic equillibrium

49
Q

a ____ is multiple ribosomes synthesizing proteins on a single mRNA molecule

A

polysome

50
Q

prokaryotic mRNAs can have up to _____ ribosomes attached

A

10

51
Q

what are Hsp70, GroES/GroEL exmaples of?

A

molecular chaperones that aide in the folding of proteins into the cell

52
Q

_____ percent of proteins require GroES/GroEL to fold (all else requires either none or Hsp70)

A

15 %

53
Q

After the 70S ribosomes dissociate from the mRNA, the ribosomes separate into free __ and ___ subunits

A

30S and 50S

54
Q
A

BIOCHEM (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions