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HRM > TRH's male repro phys; 4.1 > Flashcards

TRH's male repro phys; 4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are sperm produced?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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2
Q

What are spermatogonia? Where are they?

A

Sperm stem cells

The epithelium of seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

What are spermatocytes? Where are they?

A

Sperm in the process of maturing

The epithelium of seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

What do Sertoli cells do? Where are they?

A

Sertoli cells form a blood-testes barrier, provide nutrients to differentiating sperm, and secrete an aqueous fluid into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

The epithelium of seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

What kind of receptor are prevalent on Sertoli cells?

A

FSH receptor

can think of as the male granulosa cells…even secrete inhibin

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6
Q

What do Leydig cells do?

A

Synthesize and secrete testosterone (95% of the body’s testosterone…other 5% from adrenals)

(can think of as the male version of theca cells…even have LH receptors)

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7
Q

What is andropause?

A

Androgen deficiency with aging (decrease in testicular function)

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of andropause?

A

ED
Weight gain d/t metabolism shifts
Reduced activity
Gynecomastia

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9
Q

What hormones will be high with andropause?

A

Gonadotropins (FSH/LH)

no feedback inhibition

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10
Q

What is dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?

A

A potent androgen

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11
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone to DHT?

A

5α reductase

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12
Q

What is Sex Hormone Binding Protein (SHBP) called in Sertoli cells (where it is also made)?

A

Androgen binding globulin

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13
Q

What are some of the hormonal functions of androgen?

A 
Promote health/function of:
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Genital tract
External genitalia
Hair growth patterns
Voice change
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14
Q

What anabolic effects do androgens have?

A

Positive nitrogen balance
Bone growth and epiphysis closure
Sodium and water retention

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15
Q

What is methyl testosterone?

A

Testosterone replacement therapy

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16
Q

What is a toxicity of methyl testosterone?

A

Hepatotoxicity

17
Q

What is oxandrolone?

A

Anabolic steroid (DHT derivative)

18
Q

Does oxandrolone have the same hepatotoxicity as methyl testosterone?

A

Not really…low risk of hepatotoxicity

19
Q

What is flutamide?

A

Non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist

20
Q

What does flutamide do?

A

Causes medical castration

21
Q

When is flutamide used?

A

Flutamide is used in advanced prostate cancer

22
Q

What are the side effects of flutamide?

A

Gynecomastia

Hepatotoxicity

23
Q

What are gonadorelin and leuprolide?

A

Non-pulsatile GnRH (LHRH) agonists

24
Q

What is gonadorelin used for?

A

Functional assessment of gonadal response

25
Q

What is leuprolide used for?

A

Castration for cancer patients

26
Q

How does leuprolide work?

A

Continuous administration → ↑ of LH and FSH → ↑ T → 10 day desensitization of the pituitary and suppression of LH and FSH

27
Q

What are degarelix, ganirelix, and cetrorelix?

A

Non-pulsatile GnRH antagonists

28
Q

What is degarelix used for?

A

Castration for advanced prostate cancer/BPH

29
Q

What are ganirelix and cetrorelix used for?

A

Blocks premature LH surge in females

30
Q

What is finastride?

A

5α-reductase inhibitor

31
Q

What is finastride used for?

A

Male pattern baldness and BPH

32
Q

So in a nutshell, when should GnRH agonists/antagonists be used?

A

When the goal is to shut down the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

33
Q

What should be used to reduce androgen receptor signaling in the prostate gland?

A

Androgen receptor agonists; and/or 5α-reductase inhibitors; and/or GnRH antagonists

34
Q

What drug is a PDE-5 inhibitor?

A

Sildenafil

35
Q

What is the MoA of sildenafil?

A

Prevents degradation of cGMP

HRM (40 decks)

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