Cervix Witrak

Question 1

What is a nabothian cyst?

Answer 1

Endocerivical gland mucus retention cysts

Question 2

Cervical cancer is the most common female genital tract cancer and leading cause of cancer deaths in Africa and Central America. Why isn’t it as problematic in the US?

Answer 2

Cytology screening program (PAP smear)

Question 3

What are some risk factors for cervical cancer?

Answer 3

Early onset intercourse
Multiple partners
Low Economic Standing
Immunosuppression
Smoking

Question 4

What are some early signs of cervical cancer?

Answer 4

Irregular/heavy bleeding
Post-coital bleeding
Non-bloody vaginal discharge

Question 5

What are some late signs of cervical cancer?

Answer 5

Invasion of parametrium → pain
Cervical stenosis
Invasion of vagina with secondary malignant fistulas to bladder or rectum
Sacral plexus invasion → sciatic pain

Question 6

How is CIN staged?

Answer 6

How many cells have big blue nuclei and how far up do they go

Question 7

Are Pap smears done on women 21 and younger?

Answer 7

No…Not without a valid reason…I think he said something like this

Question 8

How often is cytology done on women 21-29 if negative?

Answer 8

Every 3 years

Question 9

How often is cytology and high-risk HPV done on women 30-65 if negative?

Answer 9

every 5 years

Question 10

A female patient’s Pap smear results come back labeled ASCUS (Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance). What is the next step?

Answer 10

Do reflex HPV testing…check for CIN2

Question 11

What needs to be seen in a Pap smear to get diagnosed as Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL)?

Answer 11

HPV changes…koilocytotic atypia, mild dysplasia, CIN1

Question 12

An HSIL (High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion) is any CIN > 1. When does a LEEP (diagnostic conization) have to be done?

Answer 12

Diagnostic conization (LEEP) is done when the transformation zone canNOT be seen

Question 13

How is CIN treated?

Answer 13

Ablation
Excision
Hysterectomy