Trends in the Periodic Table

Question 1

key trends

Answer 1

• Atomic radius
• Ionic radius
• Ionization energy
• Electron affinity
• Electronegativity
• Reactivity

Question 2

Atomic radius

Answer 2

• Looks at size of atom
• Distance from the nucleus of an atom to the valence electrons

Question 3

ENC and Atomic Radius
Left to Right

Answer 3

• Energy levels stay the same
• More protons are added to same energy levels
• ENC increases, meaning more energy of electrons
• Pulls electrons closer, making smaller radius

Question 4

ENC and Atomic Radius
Top to bottom

Answer 4

• Energy levels increase and shielding electrons increase
• Less force to electrons going down
• Less pull= bigger radius
• More protection for valence electrons, causing less force

Question 5

Ionic radius

Answer 5

Radius of the ion (after we gained/lost electrons)

Question 6

Ionic radius Cation

Answer 6

• Cations are smaller
• You lose electrons from valence shell, meaning it has one less energy level form neutral atom
• ENC stays the same because protons are staying the same
• The force is slightly higher for each electrons, pulling the electrons

Question 7

Ionic radius Anion

Answer 7

• Anions are larger
• ENC is being shared to more electrons causing force to be slightly weaker
• Pull can not pull electrons as much

Question 8

Ionization Energy

Answer 8

How much energy is required to remove an electron from atom/ion

Question 9

ENC and Ionization
Left to Right

Answer 9

• ENC increases
• More energy is on electrons (more attracted to nucleus)
• More energy is needed to remove electron from atom
• Ionization Increase

Question 10

ENC and Ionization
Top to bottom

Answer 10

• Atomic radius increases
• Less force on electrons due to more shells/shielding electrons
• Less energy is required to remove electron
• Ionization decreases

Question 11

Electron affinity

Answer 11

Energy released when electron is accepted by atom

Question 12

ENC and Electron affinity
Left to Right

Answer 12

• ENC increases
• More force on electrons (less shielding electrons)
• Atom needs more energy to get electron (wants it more)
• Electron affinity increases

Question 13

ENC and Electron affinity
Top to bottom

Answer 13

• Atomic radius increases
• Less force on electrons (more shielding electrons)
• Atom will use less energy to get electron (does not want it)

Question 14

Electronegativity

Answer 14

• Proposed by Linus Pauling
• A scale of an atom’s ability to attract electrons when bonded
• Combination of ionization, electron affinity and and some reactivity

Question 15

ENC and Electronegativity
Left to Right

Answer 15

• ENC and electronegtivy increases
• More force on electrons (less shielding electrons)
• Atom needs more energy to get electron (wants it more)

Question 16

ENC and Electronegativity Top to bottom

Answer 16

• Atomic radius increases
• Less force on electrons (more shielding electrons)
• Atom will use less energy to get electron (does not want it)

Question 17

Metallic Reactivity
Top to Bottom

Answer 17

• ENC stays the same
• More shells= More shielding electrons
• Less hold on electrons
• Electrons will easily give up
• Reactivity increases

Question 18

Metallic Reactivity
Left to Right

Answer 18

• ENC increases
• Less shielding electrons= more force
• Electrons and held tightly and harder to give away
• Reactivity decreases

Question 19

Non-Metallic Reactivity
Top to bottom

Answer 19

• ENC stays the same
• More shells= more shielding electrons
• Less force on electrons
• Less likely to add electron (not enough force to give to electron)
• Reactivity decrease

Question 20

Non-Metallic Reactivity
Left to Right

Answer 20

• ENC increases
• Electrons added to same shell
• More force on electron
• Want to gain electron to spread out force

Question 21

Overall reactivity

Answer 21

• Reactive Metals are larger since they want to give electrons
• Reactive Nonmetals are smaller since they want to take electrons