Synthesis, Decomposition, and Combustion Flashcards
1
Q
Categorizing Chemical Reactions
A
- How we categorize groups of reactions to predict the product
- Synthesis, decomposition and combustion
2
Q
Combustion
A
- Substance and oxygen → oxides
- Burning with oxygen
- Does not always have to be CO2 and H2O produced
- Can be classified as synthesis
- State symbols are specific
3
Q
Complete Combustion
A
- Burning a hydrocarbon with a plentiful supply of oxygen → complete combustion
- it is the ideal way to burn a fuel because it releases the most energy from the fuel molecules
- Cleansest (less sooty) and hottest (blue) flame
- CH + O2 –> CO2 + H2O
4
Q
Incomplete Combustion
A
- Burning a hydrocarbon with a limited supply of oxygen → Incomplete combustion
- Products are Soot/carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide/water
- CH + O –> C + CO + CO2 + H2O
5
Q
Concerns Related to Incomplete Combustion
A
- Starting your car indoors, or BBQ can cause carbon monoxide build up as there is limited oxygen
- Waste on energy as only a portion can be used by hydrocarbon
- Chemical in soot are toxic and are a health hazard when inhaled
- Carbon monoxide is toxic when inhaled (silent killer)
6
Q
Synthesis Reactions
A
Two or more reactants combine to create a larger, complex product
7
Q
Metal/Non-Metal and Oxygen → Oxide
A
- Can not be a complete or incomplete combustion
- There is no hydrocarbon
- Product will be solid
- Al + O2 → Al2O
8
Q
Do all Metal/Non-Metal and Oxygen → Oxide cross correctly?
A
- No
- You need to draw Lewis structure and see bonds
- 2 S (s) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g)
- C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
- Si (s) + O2 (g) → SiO2 (s)
9
Q
Metal + Non-Metal → Binary Ionic Compound
A
- Criss cross charges for product
- 2 Al (s) + 3 S (s) → 2 Al2S3 (s)
- Be (s) + Cl2 (g) → BeCl2 (s)
10
Q
Metal Oxide + Water → Base (Metal + OH-)
A
Take the metal from oxide and criss cross charge with hydroxide
Li2O + H2O –> 2LiOH
11
Q
APPLICATION: neutralizing acidic rain
A
- Calcium oxide helps to neutralize effects of acidic rain
- Boats can carry calcium oxide and sprinkled into acidified water (from acid rain)
- Calcium oxide reacts with water and creates base, and acid and base neutralize
- If soil is acidic, we can sprinkle calcium oxide on soil and moist (water) soil will neutralize through base forming
12
Q
APPLICATION: cleaning product
A
- in cleaning products, they contain sodium oxide or sodium hydroxide
- Sodium oxide mixes with water when cleaning and creates this common base
13
Q
Non-Metal Oxide + Water → Oxyacid
A
- Product will be the criss cross of the polyatomic -ate and hydrogen
- CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3
14
Q
Nitrogen oxides
A
- Cars have a catalytic converter
It takes nitrogen monoxide, and does a decomposition reaction - By preventing reaction one, you prevent the rest from happening (catalytic does it very fast to do this)
- Prevents smog from forming
N2 + O2 –> NO
NO + O2 –> NO2
NO2 + H2O –> HNO3
15
Q
Carbonic acid
A
- Rain is slightly acid due to this reaction
- CO2 from factories and H2O from ocean
- Can cause ocean acidification
