Intro to Solutions

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

• They are Homogeneous mixtures that have at least one solute and one solvent
• Liquid and gas state solutions are clear, they are not cloudy and murky
• Solutes and solvents can be gases, liquids and solids, which can produce different combinations

Question 2

Aqueous Solutions

Answer 2

• Water is the solvent in this mixture
• “Mixed in water”
• Aqueous solutions can have ionic compounds or polar molecules as solutes

Question 3

The dissolving of ionic compounds in water

Answer 3

• Hydration: When ions leave crystal form and are surrounded by water molecules
• Dissociation: Process when ions leave their crystal and become individual ions
• Does not show a reaction
• We have no other reactants reacting with compound
• Balance the equation

Question 4

The dissolving of non-polar molecules compounds in water

Answer 4

• Can not dissolve in water/polar molecule as they lack full charges and dipoles
• Non polar molecules can dissolve in nonpolar solvents (like dissolves like)
• This is done through weak, temporary interactions, London dispersion

Question 5

Surfactants

Answer 5

• Special molecules that allows polar and nonpolar molecules to mix
• Have a polar and non polar region/parts
  Ex. Soap
• Round part= polar head
• Squiggly/tail part= nonpolar
• Nonpolar tail Interacts with grease (as it is non-polar) and lifts it off our hands
• It then rinses away by water (polar) interacting with polar head

Question 6

gas in gas

Answer 6

oxygen in nitrogen (air)

Question 7

gas in liquid

Answer 7

carbon dioxide in water (soft drinks)

Question 8

gas in solid

Answer 8

oxygen in ice

Question 9

liquid in gas

Answer 9

water in air (humidity)

Question 10

liquid in liquid

Answer 10

ethanol in water (alcoholic beverages)

Question 11

liquid in solid

Answer 11

mercury in silver (old tooth fillings)
Amalgam

Question 12

solid in liquid

Answer 12

sugar in water (soft drinks)

Question 13

solid in solid

Answer 13

tin in copper (bronze)
Alloy

Question 14

solute

Answer 14

Subtance disolved in a solvent/soluation

Question 15

solvent

Answer 15

substance with the ability to dissolve other substances to form a solution

Question 16

miscible

Answer 16

can be mixed

Question 17

inmiscible

Answer 17

can not be mixed

Question 18

The dissolving of polar molecules compounds in water

Answer 18

• Molecular compounds must be polar to dissolve in water
• The hydrogen bonding forces allow liquids (ethanol + water) to form a solution
• Like dissolves like principle
• Similar forces (hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole) will interact with each other