treatments Flashcards
what is periostitis?
inflammation of the periosteum
occurs at the site of insertion
what occurs from untreated periostitis?
stress fracture
what are shin splints?
pain on the medial border or lateral tibia
what activity is common to develop shin splints?
running
what some causes of shin splints?
overuse
tight calf mms
predisposing tramua
what are some common symptoms of shin splints / periostitis?
flat feet
inflammation
adhesions
achiness in the morning
tight cramp with activity
what is compartment syndrome?
increase in pressure within a compartment of the lower leg
where is compartment syndrome most common?
anterior
if compartment syndrome is present in the anterior leg, what should you treat?
posterior muscles
is compartment syndrome a medical emergency?
yes
what is patella femoral syndrome?
tracking laterally of the patella
what director does the patella glide during flexion ad extension of the knee?
flexion (inferior)
extension (superior)
where is the normal Q angle?
ASIS
mid patella
tibial tuberosity
what contributes to patella femoral?
abnormal biomechanics
tight lateral thigh
tight ant. or pos. structures
weakness in medial thigh
overuse of knee
what are some signs of patella femoral?
difficulty standing and sitting for long times
pain on knee compression
swelling
walking down stairs, squatting or running downhill are painful
what are some postural abnormality with patella femoral?
flat feet
valgus knee stress
medial patella
hyperextended knees
what range is most painful for patella femoral?
flexion of the knee
what is IT band syndrome?
contracture or shortening of the IT band
where is most of the pain with IT band?
lateral knee
what TP can contribute to IT band?
TFL
what causes IT band?
sitting at a desk for long hours
wheelchair users or bed rest clients
running or cycling
what is a common complication of IT band?
trochanteric burse
what is hyperlordosis?
increase in normal lumbar curve (anterior pelvic tilt increased)
what structures are tight with hyperlordosis?
iliopsoas
rectus femoris
QL
piriformis
what structures are lengthed with hyperlordosis?
abdominals
hamstrings
gluteal max
what causes hyperlordosis?
poor posture
pregnancy
weak abdominals
obesity
what are some postural findings with hyperlordosis?
plantar flexion
hyperextended knees
reduces hip extension
what is hyperkyphosis?
increase in normal kyphotic cure of the spine with an anterior head carriage
What’s the difference between functional and structural?
functional (due to poot posture or voluntary changes)
structural (due to changes in the body’s bone structure)
what is common to develop from hyperkyphosis?
TOS
frozen shoulder
facet joint irretation
breathing changes
shoulder protraction
what is scoliosis named after?
the convexity
what test determines if scoliosis is functional or structural?
flex the trunk forward to see if the spine realigns
how do you record scoliosis?
span (distance)
apex (furthest point from midline)
s or c cure (c has one curve s has two)
major and minor curve
what range of motion is limited with thoracic right-sided scoliosis?
flexion towards the affected side
lateral flexion towards the afffected side
where does rip humping occur?
on convex side of ribs
what direction does the SP point with scoliosis?
towards concave side
what direction does the vertebral bodies point with scoliosis?
towards convexity
what is counternutation?
anterior pelvic tilt
what is nutation?
posterior pelvic tilt
what is an upslip?
ASIS and PSIS on one side is higher then the ASIS on the other side
what is a torsion of the pelvis?
ASIS is higher then the PSIS on the same side
when the trunk flexes forward, in what way does the ASIS move? PSIS? ischium?
asis moves lateral
psis moves medial
ischium moves lateral
opposite directions with extension
what are the types of torticollis?
acute
congenital
spasmodic
In what way does the neck rotate with torticollis?
towards the effected side
what muscles are mainly involved with torticollis?
extension of the neck (levator scapula)
flexion of the neck (scm)
when would you test AR range of motion with torticollis?
when the spasm is reduced
what is acute acquired torticollis?
a painful unilateral shortening or spasm of the neck muscles resulting in abnormal head positioning
what is psuedotoricollis?
when any movement causes pain and all ranges are limited due to idiopathic muscle spasms
what is congenital toricollis?
a contracture of one scm muscle present at infancy
can congenital torticollis be corrected?
yes with gentle stretching and surgical treatment
is pain present with congenital torticollis?
no only decreases movement is present
what is spasmodic torticollis?
a localized dystonia resulting in involuntary spasms of the cervical muscles or incontrollable rhythmic spasms of the neck muscles
would you stretch SCM if a client is positive for a vertebral artery test?
no its contradincated
would you perform a joint play on someone with spasmodic torticollis?m
no its contradincated
what are tension headaches?
headaches due to a muscle contraction
what type of headache is unilateral and frontal arising form the lateral neck?
cervicogenic headaches
what are spinally mediated headaches?
caused by trigger points in the neck or thorax, cervical facet joints, ligaments, or disc of the joints
what are chronic daily headaches?
can be daily or near-daily headaches that are constant but fluctuations of pain levels
if headaches are new at age _____. client should be referred to a physician.
age 50
how are most tension headaches described as?
a rubber band around the forehead
what essentail oils are helpful for headaches?
lavender
peppermint
blue chamomile
where does the upper trapezius muscle refer?
above the eye, around the ear and down the lateral neck (question mark)
where do occipital muscle refer?
back of the neck
where does the SCM muscles refer?
occiput, around eye, into the ear and across the forehead
what is the cause of migraines?
unknown
genetic
trigger factors (stress, hunger, medication, weather, allergies)
aggravating factors (movement, TP, postural dysfunctions)
what is an aura in relation to migraines?
auras is a set number of signs and symptoms someone feels before having a migraine
what is more common mirgaines with an aura or without?
without
what are some symptoms of migraines?
mood changes
zig zag lines or visual distotrion
rumbling noises
pins and needle feeling around hands
everyone tends to have different side effects
what is the most common symptom of child migraines?
stomach pain or nausea
what are cluster headaches?
grouping of headaches, often once a day for several weeks
how would cluster headaches be described?
unilateral
jaw, nose and teeth pain
sharp, burning pain
exceeds for 12 months
what ae drug-associated headaches?
related to medications or drug use
what is drug associated headaches most common?
mornings when blood levels of drugs or medication are lowest
during withdrawal
what kind of headache is common with coccyx trauma or falls on the coccyx?
trauma-related headaches
what is resting position for TMJ?
mouth slightly open, lips together, teeth not touching
what are the two movements in order of the jaw opening?
rotation the glide
what shape is the TMJ joint?
biconcave
what three components must be present to have TMJ dysfunction?
predisposition
tissue alteration
stress
what can cause TMJ dysfunction?
muscle imbalances
muscle overuse (chewing gym)
postural
direct tramua
whiplash
infections
what is bruxism?
grinding of the teeth
what are some signs of TMJ?
clicking or popping noise
headaches
decreased jaw depression
ear stuffiness
TP in muscles of mastication
what would cause the jaw to have an s-shaped movement?
muscle source
what would cause the jaw to have a c-shaped movement?
capsular source (open towards effected side)
what movement would be present with an anterior disc displacement?
towards opposite side during opening of the jaw
what movement would be present with edema in the joint of the jaw?
towards the unaffected side when closed and towards effected side when opening
what are the types of whiplash?
hyperextension (head on)
hyperflexion (back on)
mixed (side impact)
what are the grades of whiplash?
grade 0: no complaints of pain or physical symptoms
grade 1: neck pain and tenderness but no physical symptoms
grade 2: neck pain and musculoskeletal injury
grade 3: neck pain, musculoskeletal and neurological injury
grade 4: neck pain, musculoskeletal nad neurological and fracture or dislocation
what phases of a car accident would you get TMJ?
phase two
what vertebral levels are mostly effected by car accidents?
C5-C6
what are some factors in a car accident?
head position
seatbelt
headrest
seatback
stature
how long after an accident should you not feel pain?
before the 24hr mark
should you decrease a muscle spasm in the acute stage of healing?
no
should you passively stretch a spasmodic muscle?
no
should you relax muscles surrounding a hypermobile joint?
no
what is the difference between a dislocation and a subluxation?
dislocation is a complete dissociation of the joint
subluxation is a partial dissociation of the joint
what is the most common joint to disslocate?
GH
what position would cause an anterior dislocation?
abduction
external rotation
what position would cause a posteriorodislocation?
adduction
medial rotation
what would cause a lunate dislocation?
fall on outstretched hand
what is common to see with an elbow dislocation?
fracture
should AF range of motion be pain-free in the acute phase?
yes
is distal circulation CI in acute and early subacute stages of healing?
yes to prevent congestion
should range of motion or strength come first?
range of motion
(q)what is the main goal for a client with early ankylosing spondylitis?
maintain thoracolumbar mobility
(q)what benefits are a client with lupus going to experience with massage?
relieving joint pain which is a common symptom
(q)ankylosing spondylitis lead to what kind of fusion?
spinal fusion from ossification of the intervertebral discs and ligaments
(q)what deformity of the hands is common with RA?
ulnar deviation of wrist and fingers
(q)during an acute flare-up of RA, what hydro is best to use?
submerge hands or feet in cool water NOT cold
(q)what is RA?
chronic systemic inflammatory disease with acute flare-ups
(q)what condition begins at the sacroiliac region and is known as the bamboo spine?
ankylosing spondylitits
(q)what condition causes degenerative changes in the joint in a later stage?
RA
(q)what are the triggers for fibromyagia?
stress, lack of sleep, and lack of execrise
(q)do all 18 tender points need to be present with fibromyalgia?
no just 11 / 18
(q)what is the insertion of the deltoid considered with fibromyalgia?
controlled site of pain