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prosthetics and orthotics - exam 1 > Treatment of the Foot (1) > Flashcards

Treatment of the Foot (1) Flashcards

1
Q

what do WBing mechanisms do

A

enhance weight bearing capabilities of the foot

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2
Q

WBing mechanisms

A

curve beam system

arch system

muscular support

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3
Q

curved beam system

A

shape of foot as a whole

WBIng through the curved beam

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4
Q

curved beam system has

A

curved beam

front to back

side to side

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5
Q

curved beam system enhances

A

support of BW from above

WBing capabilities

fxns like building an arch

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6
Q

where is the curved beam

A

half of heel

half on met heads

2x on first met head

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7
Q

arches of the foot

A

anterior transverse arch

lateral longitudinal arch

medial longitudinal arch

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8
Q

medial longitudinal arch

A

AP arch on the medial side

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9
Q

medial longitudinal arch is a

A

flexible arch

responsible for mobility of the foot

depresses w/ WB

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10
Q

high point of MLA

A

navicular tubercle

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11
Q

place of arch support –> MLA

A

sustentaculum tali

boney prominence on the calcaneus

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12
Q

measuring the MLA

A

feiss line

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13
Q

Feiss line –> MLA

A

distance from navicular tubercle to floor in weight bearing

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14
Q

what does the height of the tubercle indicate –> feiss line

A

if the arch is normal, depressed or excessive

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15
Q

what do we compare –> feiss line

A

height in WBing and non-WBing to determine the arch

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16
Q

feiss line –> abnormal

A

if the depressing is excessive

resulting in pes planus

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17
Q

pes planus

A

flat foot

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18
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A

AP arch on the later side

rigid arch

balancing side of the foot

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19
Q

rigid arch –> LLA

A

stability of the foot

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20
Q

balance side of the foot –> LLA

A

WB on LLA during MS in gait

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21
Q

transverse arches

A

transverse metatarsal

transverse tarsal

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22
Q

transverse metatarsal arch

A

metatarsal heads

flexible arch

roundness of front of foot

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23
Q

high point of transverse MT arch

A

2 MT head

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24
Q

flexible arch –> transverse MT arch

A

depressed w/ WB

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25
Q

roundness of front of foot –> transverse MT arch

A

when excessively depresses –> front of foot flat and splay foot

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26
Q

transverse MT arch is supported by

A

ligament and muscle support

easily depressed and stretched out

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27
Q

transverse tarsal arch

A

ML arches across the tarsals

rigid arches

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28
Q

anterior transverse tarsal arch

A

cuboid and 3 cuneiforms

middle cuneiform = high point/keystone

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29
Q

posterior transverse tarsal arch

A

navicular and cuboid

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30
Q

longitudinal muscular control

A

muscular support of the foot as a whole

-abductor hallucis
-flexor hallucis longus
-ABD digiti minimi
-flexor digitorum brevis and longus
-flexor digititorum accessory

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31
Q

muscles support arches –> MLA

A

posterior tib

fibularis longus

FHL

ABD HL

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32
Q

muscles support arches –> LLA

A

fibularis brevis and longus

ABD DM

sling of muscles which support the foot

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33
Q

muscles support arches –> TMTA

A

transverse head ADD hallucis

primary muscular support for this arch

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34
Q

muscles support arches –> TTA

A

ADD hallucis

fibularis longus

posterior tib

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35
Q

adult acquired flat foot deformity

A

chronic posterior tib tendonitis

attenuation of posterior tib tendon

breakdown of the arches of the foot

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36
Q

plantar fascia

A

runs calcaneus to phalanges

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37
Q

what does the plantar fascia support

A

foot as a whole

ML arch

38
Q

inflammation of the plantar fascia

A

plantar fasciitis

39
Q

causes of plantar fasciitis

A

flexible foot –> too much motion

rigid foot –> too little motion

40
Q

weight transfer during gait

A

heel and ball –> striking part

lateral border –> balancing part

medical side –> stable for push off

41
Q

heel and ball

A

HS/PO

42
Q

lateral border

A

MS

43
Q

during HS –> weight transfer during gait

A

hits heel

44
Q

during MS –> weight transfer during gait

A

move to lateral side of foot

45
Q

PO –> weight transfer during gait

A

heel off –> move from lateral to medial

toe off –> 1st and 2nd met heads

46
Q

how is the foot divided

A

forefoot/hindfoot

divided by midtarsal joints

47
Q

motions of the foot

A

ADD

ABD

inversion/eversion

supination/pronation

48
Q

ADD –> motions of the foot

A

movement is towards the midline of the foot

49
Q

ABD –> motions of the foot

A

movement is away from the midline of the foot

50
Q

inversion/eversion –> motions of the foot

A

uniplanar

51
Q

supination/pronation –> motions of the foot

A

triplanar

52
Q

general principles of subtalar movement

A

rearfoot/forefoot movement could be open chain or close chain

53
Q

open chain –> subtalar

A

rearfoot and forefoot move together

follows the calcaneus

talus doesnt move

54
Q

closed chain –> subtalar

A

rearfoot and forefoot move opposite to each other

talus moves on a fixed calcaneus due to weight from above

55
Q

movements of the subtalar joint

A

supination

pronation

valgus/varus

56
Q

supination –> open chain –> subtalar

A

calcaneus inverted, ADD

plantar flexion

57
Q

supination –> closed chain –> subtalar

A

calcaneus –> inversion

talus –> ABD, DF

58
Q

pronation –> open chain –> subtalar

A

calcaneus: everted, ABD, DF

59
Q

pronation –> closed chain –> subtalar

A

calcaneus –> eversion

talus –> ADD and PF

60
Q

pronation is

A

LE rotation

mobile adaptor

61
Q

pronation includes

A

ankle DF

rearfoot eversion

calcaneal valgus

forefoot ABD

midtarsal ABD

62
Q

supination is

A

LE external rotation

rigid lever

63
Q

supination includes

A

ankle PF

rearfoot inversion

calcaneal varus

forefoot ADD

midtarsal ADD

64
Q

what does the subtalar joint do during heel strike

A

pronates

65
Q

normal –> heel strike @ subtalar

A

adaptation to terrain

shock absorption

66
Q

shock absorption –> normal –> heel strike @ talus

A

attenuates the forces of HS

67
Q

abnormal –> heel strike @ talus

A

insufficient pronation

excessive pronation

68
Q

insufficient pronation –> heel strike @ talus

A

decrease shock absorption

forces transmitted up kinetic chain

LBP, SI joint pain

ankle sprains

69
Q

excessive pronation –> heel strike @ talus

A

energy sparing spring theory

less effective as shock absorber

70
Q

energy sparing spring theory –> excessive pronation –> heel strike @ talus

A

unlocking into pronation

absorbing shock

71
Q

less effective as shock absorber –> excessive pronation –> heel strike @ talus

A

pain in patellar femoral joint

72
Q

push off @ subtalar joint –> normal

A

propulsion

rigid lever

stable push off

73
Q

abnormal –> push off @ subtalar joint

A

insufficient supination

excessive supination

74
Q

insufficient supination –> abnormal –> push off @ subtalar joint

A

foot unlocked

unstable for push off

75
Q

unstable to push off –> push off @ subtalar

A

hallux valgus

bunions

splay foot

callus

76
Q

excessive supination –> abnormal –> push off @ subtalar joint

A

excessive weight on 5th MT head/lateral foot

bunionette

77
Q

deformity

A

non-WBing

78
Q

compensation

A

what you see in WBing

79
Q

when does a forefoot valgus occur

A

forefoot is everted relative to the rearfoot

not common

80
Q

when does the forefoot varus

A

forefoot is inverted to the rearfoot

most common cause of excessive pronation

81
Q

when does rearfoot valgus occur

A

rearfoot is everted

82
Q

when does rearfoot varus occur

A

rearfoot is inverted

can increase maximum pronation

83
Q

forefoot in varus NWB

A

medial side of foot off ground in NWB

body compensates by brining medial side of fot to ground

84
Q

subtalar compensation –> forefoot varus

A

foot pronation

85
Q

hind foot in varus NWB

A

medial side of foot is off ground in NWB

body compensated by bringing medial side of foot to ground

86
Q

subtalar compensation –> rearfoot varus

A

foot pronation

87
Q

forefoot in valgus/PF 1st Ray

A

lateral side foot off ground in NWB

body compensates by bringing lateral side of foot to ground

88
Q

subtalar compensation –>forefoot in valgus/PF 1st Ray

A

foot supination

89
Q

hind foot in valgus

A

lateral side of foot off ground in NWB

body compensates by bringing lateral side of foot to ground

90
Q

subtalar compensation –> hind foot in valgus

A

foot supination

prosthetics and orthotics - exam 1 (19 decks)

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