Intro to Orthotics (4) Flashcards by Victoria Caridi

articulated AFOs

traditional and plastic

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plastic orthosis

cut non-articulated at ankle

add ankle joint

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what does an articulated AFO utilize

foot plate

ankle joint

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what could the ankle joint be made out of

metal

plastic

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metal

heavier

more durable

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plastic

lighter

less durable

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articulated AFO is

AFO w/ an ankle joint

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general description of an articulated AFO

closure/strp

calf shell/metal uprights

metal/plastic ankle joint

foot plate or shoe attachment

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foot plate

3/4

full

sulcus

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ankle joint axis

single

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single axis

only movement in sagittal plane

sagittal plane control

always limits M/L motion

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what does the single axis allow/limit

DF and PF

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ankle joint/static designs

limited motion

free ankle

solid ankle

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limited motion –> ankle joint/static designs

allows balance and postural sway

few degrees in either direction

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free ankle –> ankle joint/static designs

M/L control (single axis)

free DF/PF

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solid ankle –> ankle joint/static designs

no motion in any direction

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ankle joint/stops

posterior stop

anterior stop

adjustable

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posterior stop

PF stop

locked at 90 degrees

no PF/free DF

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posterior stop –> gait control

HS and swing

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clinical use for posterior stop

CVA

neuropathy

DF weakness

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posterior stop IS NOT

dynamic

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anterior stop

DF stop

stopped at 90 degrees

no DF/free PF

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gait control of anterior stop

MS to push off

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clinical use for anterior stop

gastroc weakness

knee flexion contracture

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anterior stops are

rare and hard to find

adjustable stop

adjusted for various range of DF and PF

when is adjustable stop used

to correct contracture

LOM --> plane of control

sagittal frontal

LOM --> muscle weakness

AP and ML muscles

LOM --> gait cycle

stance and swing

FREE --> plane of control

frontal

FREE --> muscle weakness

ML muscles

FREE --> gait cycle

no limitation

SOLID --> plane of control

sagittal and frontal

SOLID --> muscle weakness

AP and ML muscles

SOLID --> gait cycle

stance and swing

posterior stop --> plane of control

sagittal and frontal

posterior stop --> muscle weakness

anterior tib

posterior stop --> gait cycle

HS swing

anterior stop --> plane of control

sagittal and frontal

anterior stop --> muscle weakness

gastroc and soleus

anterior stop --> gait cycle

end of MS PO

adjustable stop --> plane of control

sagittal and frontal

adjustable stop --> muscle weakness

AP and ML muscles

adjustable stop --> gait cycle

stance and swing

ankle joint/dynamic control

more fxnal orthotic decreases gait deviations

types of ankle joint/dynamic control

spring assist double action spring assist

spring assist

DF spring assist PF spring assist

DF spring assist allow for

controlled PF and springs back into DF

what is DF spring used for

weak DF muscles

clinical use of DF spring

CVA and neuropathy

PF spring assist

allows for controlled DF and springs back into PF

PF spring is used for

weak PF muscles

clinical use for PF spring

MD gastroc weakness

double action spring assist

spring assist for PF and DF

double action spring assist is used for

anterior tib and gastroc weakness generalized weakness on both sides of the ankle

DF spring assist --> POC

sagittal and frontal

DF spring assist --> muscle weakness

anterior tib

DF spring assist --> gait cycle

HS swing

PF spring assist --> POC

sagittal and frontal

PF spring assist --> muscle weakness

gastroc and soleus

PF spring assist --> gait cycle

mid stance PO

double spring assist --> POC

sagittal and frontal

double spring assist --> muscle weakness

anterior tib gastroc and soleus

double spring assist --> gait cycle

stance and swing

what could we do with different ankle joints and stops or controls

combine them

combining

depends on weakness joint instability muscle tone variations

fxn of AFO w/ posterior stop

used for DF weakness prevents excessive PL not dynamic corrects foot drop

AFO w/ DF assist spring assembly --> used for

DF weakness assists movement into DF correct foot drop

AFO w/ DF assist spring assembly --> prevents

excessive PF

AFO w/ DF assist spring assembly --> similar to

leaf spring

DAAJ AFO

double adjustable AJ

DAAJ AFO fxn

for DF and PF weakness has other variations

SMO

supra malleolar orthosis

dynamic O design

trim line is just above the malleoli always high M-L

dynamic O controls (potentially)

ML PF DF

what is control determined by --> SMO

trim line

what could an SMO be used to tx

excessive pronation associated w/ hypotonia child w/ drop foot, varus/valgus instability d/t CP transverse myelitis adults w/ CVA or progressive flat feet

what are SMO concluded to be more effective w/

producing postural stability

what did SMO show improvement in

static and dynamic balance