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Prosthetics and Orthotics - Exam 1 > Intro to Orthotics (3) > Flashcards

Intro to Orthotics (3) Flashcards

1
Q

AFO orthosis

A

shoe

force system

non-articulated and articulated orthosis

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2
Q

shoe –> AFO

A

base of support

part of pressure system

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3
Q

what kind of force system does an AFO have

A

3 point

sometimes more than 1 pressure system

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4
Q

non-articulated and articulated orthosis

A

with or w/o an articulating joint

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5
Q

non-articulated AFO

A

AFO w/o ankle joints/covers and controls foot/ankle

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6
Q

general description of NA-AFO

A

velcro closure

calf shell/pre-tibial shell

trim line

foot plate/shoe insert

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7
Q

velcro closure

A

clinched or straight

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8
Q

trim line

A

cut edge of orthosis

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9
Q

foot plates

A

connected to the foot not the shoe

fits in shoe

arch support

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10
Q

foot plates allow for

A

better foot control

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11
Q

arch support –> components

A

support MLA

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12
Q

types of foot plates

A

full length

3/4 length

sulcus length

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13
Q

full length –> foot plates

A

heel to toe

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14
Q

3/4 length –> foot plates

A

proximal to metatarsals

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15
Q

sulcus length –> foot plates

A

across MLA/mid foot

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16
Q

types of non-articulated AFOs

A

posterior leaf spring O

PLSO w/ modified shell

carbon fiber PLSO

solid ankle

solid ankle w/ a flange

anterior floor reaction

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17
Q

posterior leaf spring design

A

narrow calf shell

3/4 footplate

velcro closure

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18
Q

why is a posterior leaf spring given

A

weak DFs

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19
Q

what motion does a posterior leaf spring allow

A

assist DF

resist PF

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20
Q

when does the posterior lead spring control

A

during HS and swing phase

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21
Q

posterior leaf spring is the

A

most common AFO

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22
Q

what DOESNT posterior lead spring control

A

M/L (subtalar joint)

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23
Q

clinical application –> PLS

A

prevent drop foot

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24
Q

prevent foot drop –> PLS

A

high steppage gait

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25
Q

PLS is most common for

A

CVA dsyfxn

neuropathy

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26
Q

CVA dysfxn –> PLS

A

minor spasticity in ankle d/t stroke, brain injury

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27
Q

neuropathy –> PLS

A

common fibular N neuropathy

drop foot or DF weakness d/t peripheral neuropathy

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28
Q

what does the PLS have positive effect on

A

static and dynamic balance

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29
Q

posterior leaf spring w/ modified calf shell design

A

‘L’ shaped w/ wider calf shell behind malleoli

larger foot plate

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30
Q

what does the wider calf shell do

A

control in the sagittal and frontal planes

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31
Q

why is a posterior leaf spring w/ modified calf shell given to a pt

A

for weak DF

but gives more control and some M/L control

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32
Q

carbon fiber PLSO/’drop foot’ has

A

various designs

DF and PF control

flat foot plate

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33
Q

controls primarily in –> carbon fiber PLSO/’drop foot’

A

sagittal plane

does not control in frontal plane

34
Q

some have a –> carbon fiber PLSO/’drop foot’

A

posterior strut

others have pretibial shell

35
Q

solid ankle design

A

trim lines of calf shell advanced anterior to the malleoli

3/4 or full foot plate

3 point pressure system

36
Q

what does the solid ankle control

A

valgus and varus

DF and PF

37
Q

the solid ankle has

A

max control

no movement

38
Q

what should the solid ankle provide

A

resilient heel for heel strike or rocker bar to assist push off

39
Q

when is solid ankle indicated

A

w/ spasticity or severe PF spasticity

MS, CP or progressive neurologic dzs

40
Q

solid ankle shows –> balance

A

some improvement in static balance

negative effect on dynamic balance

41
Q

what might we need to add for ambulation –> solid ankle

A

AD

42
Q

what shows a significant improvement w/ gait –> solid ankle

A

adding a rocker bar (rigid AFO)

increases step length and velocity

improve toe off

43
Q

solid ankle w/ flange

A

flange or extension added to calf shell

44
Q

what does the flange do

A

to increase force arm or place of applying force

45
Q

what does the solid ankle w/ flange increase

A

movement control

increased force arm

46
Q

increased force arm –> solid ankle w/ flange

A

3 point pressure

middle force/central force in system

close to joint you want to control

47
Q

foot plate –> solid ankle w/ flange

A

full

3/4 plate

48
Q

anterior floor reaction design

A

solid ankle/sometimes in PF

posterior velco closure

high pre-tibial shell

49
Q

high pre-tibial shell –> AFR

A

just below patella

higher than posterior

prevent knee from buckling

50
Q

how does the AFR work

A

posterior directed force at tibia

extension moment at the knee

51
Q

posterior directed force @ tibia –> AFR

A

prevent knee from buckling

52
Q

what is the AFR good for

A

quad weakness

controls ankle movement

53
Q

indication for AFR

A

quad weakness/excessive knee flexion - WBing

control ankle motion - WBing

spastic diplegic CP

54
Q

spastic diplegic CP –> AFR

A

esp w/ moderate to severe knee flexion

55
Q

what does the AFR show w/ research

A

improved gait kinematics

decreased DF and knee flexion

56
Q

when is AFR most effective

A

w/ knee flexion contracture < or equal to 10 degrees

57
Q

PLSO –> custom/stock

A

either

58
Q

PLSO –> plane of control

A

sagittal

59
Q

PLSO –> muscle weakness

A

anterior tib

60
Q

PLSO –> gait cycle

A

HS/swing

61
Q

mod PLSO –> custom/stock

A

either

62
Q

mod PLSO –> plane of control

A

sagittal

frontal

63
Q

mod PLSO –> muscle weakness

A

anterior tib

M/L muscles

64
Q

mod PLSO –> gait cycle

A

HS

MS

swing

65
Q

carbon PLSO –> custom/stock

A

stock

66
Q

carbon PLSO –> plane of control

A

varies

67
Q

carbon PLSO –> muscle weakness

A

depends on design

68
Q

carbon PLSO –> gait cycle

A

HS/swing

69
Q

solid ankle/ w/ flange –> custom/stock

A

custom

70
Q

solid ankle/ w/ flange –> plane of control

A

all 3 planes

71
Q

solid ankle/ w/ flange –> muscle weakness

A

all muscles (spasticity)

72
Q

solid ankle/ w/ flange –> gait cycle

A

stance/swing

73
Q

AFR –> custom/stock

A

custom

74
Q

AFR –> plane of control

A

sagittal

(foot all 3)

75
Q

AFR –> muscle weakness

A

all ankle muscles

quads

76
Q

AFR –> gait cycle

A

stance/swing

77
Q

recent addition

A

fxnal neuromuscular electrical stimulation

78
Q

fxnal neuromuscular electrical stimulation has

A

cuff holding stimulator just below the knee

electrodes or foot switches to stimulate DF

79
Q

what do you need w/ fxnal neuromuscular electrical stimulation

A

intact peroneal N

80
Q

what doesnt the fxnal neuromuscular electrical stimulation work well w/

A

recurvatum

81
Q

contraindications –> fxnal neuromuscular electrical stimulation

A

pacemaker

defib

metal implants

hx of phlebitis

Prosthetics and Orthotics - Exam 1 (19 decks)

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