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Prosthetics and Orthotics - Exam 1 > Intro to Orthotics (1) > Flashcards

Intro to Orthotics (1) Flashcards

1
Q

what is an orthosis

A

external device

restricts or assists movement

transfers load to other body parts

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2
Q

new nomenclature

A

described by joint it covers and controls

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3
Q

LE orthotic levels

A

FO

SMO

AFO

KAFO

KO

HKAFO

HI

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4
Q

FO

A

foot

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5
Q

SMO

A

supra-malleolar

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6
Q

AFO

A

ankle/foot

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7
Q

KAFO

A

knee/ankle/foot

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8
Q

KO

A

knee

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9
Q

HKAFO

A

hip/knee/ankle/foot

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10
Q

HO

A

hip

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11
Q

what is the base of support for all orthoses

A

shoe

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12
Q

the goal of an orthosis

A

give as much fxn as possible w/ least deviation from normal

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13
Q

why’re there usually some issues w/ orthoses

A

gait or dysfxn created by orthotic use

additional weight of the orthosis

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14
Q

gait or dysfxn created by orthotic use

A

limited ROM

balance issues

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15
Q

additional weight of the orthosis

A

increased energy consumption

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16
Q

what is the fxn of the orthosis defined by

A

pathologic condition

dx of the patient

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17
Q

dx of the pt –> fxn of orthosis

A

why is it given

condition of the pt

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18
Q

orthosis fxn

A

more than 1 fxn often

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19
Q

5 fxns of an orthosis

A

support

create fxn

correct

protect

feedback

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20
Q

support –> 5 fxns

A

muscle weakness

bone weakness

ligamentous weakness

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21
Q

create fxn –> 5 fxns

A

enhance movements

springs or materials

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22
Q

correct –> 5 fxns

A

deformities

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23
Q

deformities –> correct –> 5 fxns

A

forces applied must be tolerable

pediatric v. adult

scoliosis is most common

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24
Q

protect –> 5 fxns

A

healing tissue

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25
Q

healing tissue –> protect –> 5 fxns

A

vulnerable tissue

prevent re-injury

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26
Q

feedback –> 5 fxns

A

facilitate muscle

enhance alignment

scoliosis O

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27
Q

scoliosis O –> feedback –> 5 fxns

A

correct curve during exercise

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28
Q

how do orthotics work

A

through force application

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29
Q

orthotic control system

A

3 point force system

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30
Q

3-point force systems

A

reduction in unwanted angular rotation

stabilization about a joint, bone or skeletal segment

31
Q

3 points of force in the force system

A

3 forces arranged w/

1 middle force

2 opposite forces

32
Q

what do the 3 forces create

A

a torque

the force arms for each force must be considered

33
Q

best 3 point pressure system includes

A

2 forces equidistant from center force

forces have long lever arms

center force should be close to the joint being controlled

34
Q

forces have long lever arms

A

greater distance from center

less force we have to apply

35
Q

additional stabilizing forces

A

compression and distraction

36
Q

compression

A

external support producing compressive load

37
Q

distraction

A

immobilize and stabilize

increase lateral stability

38
Q

abnormal forces

A

when forces become excessive they can cause damage or injury to the body

39
Q

abnormal force consideration

A

compression

shear force

frictional force

40
Q

compression –> abnormal

A

fxn of force per unit area

an abnormal amount produces damage

41
Q

solution to abnormal compression

A

increase area

increase force arm

contour orthosis well

pad area

42
Q

shear force –> abnormal

A

coplanar forces acting on the same body in the opposite direction

deep force producing destruction in nerves and blood vessels

43
Q

solution of shear force

A

minimize movement b/w brace and body part

44
Q

minimize movement b/w brace and body part –> shear force solution

A

align and fit brace properly

placing pressure points in tolerant areas

put something b/w brace and skin

45
Q

frictional force

A

superficial force

skin breakdown

does not result in deeper damage

46
Q

solution to frictional force

A

proper fit and alignment (minimize movement)

good hygiene

put something b/w brace and skin

47
Q

principles of the fit are determined by

A

looking at the limb as a whole

look at normal static alignment and dynamic relationship

48
Q

principles of fit

A

alignment

joint alignment

49
Q

what must we consider with alignment

A

relationship b/w orthosis, anatomical landmarks, body contours

50
Q

for fit and alignment to be proper

A

foot flat on the floor

anatomical and mechanical should be congruent

joints should be horizontal

orthosis should conform to anatomical contours of the body

forces should be dispersed over large area for comfort and safety

51
Q

anatomical and mechanical should be congruent

A

unless intentionally not

52
Q

forces should be dispersed over large area for comfort and safety

A

total contact

reliefs

build up

53
Q

reliefs –> forces should be dispersed over large area for comfort and safety

A

boney prominences and pressure sensitive area

54
Q

build ups –> forces should be dispersed over large area for comfort and safety

A

relieve pressure prox/dist

55
Q

joint alignment

A

hip

knee

ankle

foot plates

56
Q

hip –> joint alignment

A

1-2 cm above the superior apex of the greater trochanter

57
Q

knee –> joint alignment

A

2 cm proximal to tibial plateau

58
Q

ankle –> joint alignment

A

through the centers of the malleoli

at the level of the distal tip of lateral malleoli

59
Q

foot plates –> joint alignment

A

full –> end of foot

3/4 plates –> proximal to MT heads

60
Q

orthotic prescription is best

A

improve ADL

positive effect on balance

increase pt compliance

61
Q

what does a prescription of an orthosis do

A

improves gait and WBing

increases activity level

minimized energy expenditure

62
Q

most common finding w/ LE orthotic

A

static balance improved

63
Q

LE orthotics improved

A

lateral stability

increase WBing

postural control

walking speed

64
Q

when are pts most complaint with orthotics

A

increase mobility esp w/ gait

dependability of orthosis

comfort

given appropriate expectations

65
Q

given appropriate expectations

A

pt education

66
Q

how may clinicians be able to help pts optimize their mobility

A

asking about environmental obstacles

recommending strategies for utilization of mobility aids, depending on the activity and situation

67
Q

less control v. more control

A

less control has less coverage and more flexible

more control has greater coverage, more rigid and closer to body

68
Q

precautions

A

alignment considerations

spasticity

bowel bladder incontinence

69
Q

how long should a pt initially wear a orthotic

A

30-60 min

70
Q

what should a pt do before and after removal of the orthotic

A

inspect it and the skin

making sure there are no damage to the skin, after each time of wear

71
Q

redness initially

A

should disappear after 15-20 min

72
Q

gradually –> wearing schedule

A

increase wearing time by an hour then 2 hours etc.

73
Q

by the end of the two week period –> wearing schedule

A

should be able to wear it full time

74
Q

when should a pt seek our a medical provider

A

rubbing

blistering or skin breakdown

orthosis is damaged

swelling

new pain or change in the intensity of pain

toes become discolored or theyre difficult to move

odor or exudates from pre-existing sores

Prosthetics and Orthotics - Exam 1 (19 decks)

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