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Prosthetics and Orthotics - Exam 1 > Splinting > Flashcards

Splinting Flashcards

static/dynamic splinting, prefabricated and custom splints

1
Q

basic goals of splinting

A

protection

assistance

stabilization

support

substitution

transfer of power

tissue remodeling

joint stretching

strengthening

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2
Q

what should every splint do

A

adhere to certain biomechanical principles

fit comfortably

don/doff easily

be aesthetic

meet goals/needs of pt but restrict fxn as little as possible

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3
Q

2 types of splints

A

static/dynamic

custom/prefabricated

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4
Q

most splints work on a

A

pressure system

to achieve intended goals

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5
Q

static splints

A

no moving parts designed to support or limit joint activity

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6
Q

purpose of static splint

A

protection of tissue through joint immobilization

maintain or correct joint alignment

prevention of contractures

supports/stabilization

maintain or increase joint ROM

position hand to improve fxn

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7
Q

when would you use a static splint for protection or immobilization/rest

A

arthritic joint

healing fx

carpal tunnel syndrome

tendon/nerve repair

ligamentous injury/volar plate

joint replacement

rest inflamed joint

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8
Q

when would you use a static splint for joint alignment

A

arthritic joints RA/OA

s/p nerve injury

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9
Q

when would you use a static splint for joint alignment –> arthritic joints

A

anti-ulnar drift splint

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10
Q

when would you use a static splint for joint alignment –> s/p nerve injury

A

ulnar N. anticlaw splint

median N. short opponens

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11
Q

when would you use a static splint for prevention of contractures

A

surgical scars

burns

s/p nerve injury

serial splinting

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12
Q

when would you use a static splint for support and stability

A

ligamentous injuries –> skiers thumb

dislocations

hypermobility

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13
Q

when would you use static splinting to maintain ROM

A

maintenance of ROM gained from exercises +/or dynamic splinting

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14
Q

when would you use static splinting to position the hand to improve fxn

A

radial N palsy wrist extension allows for finger fxn

median N thumb positioned in ABD/OPP for fxn

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15
Q

what is a static progressive splint

A

incremental, periodic application of stress relaxation (SR) loading

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16
Q

SR loading

A

tissue is stretched and held at a constant length

amount of force is reduced over time

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17
Q

when do therapist apply SPS

A

manually when treating stiff tissues

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18
Q

what devices provide SPS

A

JAS (brand name)

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19
Q

JAS

A

for home use as an adjunct to clinic therapy

20
Q

dynamic splinting

A

the application of a moving force through traction

21
Q

what is dynamic splinting trying to achieve

A

support

increase joint mobility

controlled mobility after injury to surgery

22
Q

purpose of dynamic splinting

A

provide resistance

provide prolonged stretch

joint positioning

23
Q

purpose –> DS –> provide resistance

A

strengthening

enhancement of tendon glide

24
Q

purpose –> DS –> provide prolonged stretch

A

plastic tissue deformation

mobilization of stiff joints

stretching tight soft tissue

25
Q

dynamic splinting is a substitution for

A

assist or replace fxn of weak or absent muscle

ex: radial N splint

26
Q

purpose of tendon rehab splints

A

allow controlled passive glide of repaired tendons

27
Q

dynasplint systems

A

aid in restoring range of motion to stiff joints

28
Q

dynasplint systems have

A

low load

prolonged duration stretch (LLPS) permanent CT deformation

29
Q

additional principles of dynamic splinting

A

check dynamic components regularly and replace if necessary

wearing time vary by pt and goals

record measurable gains

30
Q

custom made splints materials

A

low temp thermoplastics

31
Q

strapping and closures

A

velcro hook and loop

betapile polyethylene foam

adhesive and non-adhesive

d-rings

posts

32
Q

dynamic components

A

rubber bands

strings

slings

hinges

bars

springs

hooks

tubes

turnbuckles

33
Q

precautions when splinting

A

friction

pressure

34
Q

friction

A

resistance of skin against movement of the splint

skin against skin

35
Q

what does friction cause

A

potential “hot spots”

36
Q

where does friction usually occur

A

over bony prominences

37
Q

pressure

A

excessive force by splint can cause undue pressure

38
Q

where does pressure usually occur

A

bony prominences, must be careful

39
Q

what could excessive pressure cause

A

ischemia –> tissue breakdown –> “hot spots”

40
Q

how do we avoid pressure

A

padding and rolling edges

41
Q

example of hot spots

A

elbow

42
Q

design considerations

A

pt individuality

pt acceptance and compliance

43
Q

pt individuality –> design considerations

A

age

mental status

support system

medical status

proximity/transport to clinic

insurance

prices

44
Q

pt acceptance and compliance –> design considerations

A

simple to don/doff

cosmetic –> low profile

comfortable

easily adjustable

light weight

fxnal

allows for max sensory surface

45
Q

prefabricated splints

A

CVS or pharmacy

off the shelf

Prosthetics and Orthotics - Exam 1 (19 decks)

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