Treasure Hunt Flashcards

1
Q

What joint is called a immobile joint?

A

Synostosis or bony joint

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2
Q

Which bones are bound by collagen fibers?

A

Synarthrosis or fibrous joint

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3
Q

What is an example of a fibrous joint?

A

Sutures-cranial bones
Gomphoses-tooth to socket
Syndesmosis- radius to ulna via interosseus membrane

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4
Q

What nutrients would be used for the protection of the periodontal ligament?

A

Vitamin C

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5
Q

How many discs are in the spine?

A

23

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6
Q

Which joint will offer most mobility? What is the importance of having this mobility?

A

Synovial joint-Freely mobile and give us quality of life

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7
Q

Synovial fluid is rich in what?

A

Albumin and hyaluronic acid

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8
Q

What is the importance of exercise and cartilage?

A

Repetitive compression of nonvascular cartilage during exercise squeezes fluid, and metabolic waste out of the Cartilage.
Without exercise, Cartlidge deteriorate more rapidly from inadequate nutrition and waste removal. 

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9
Q

Which pathology would we see double jointed patients?

A

Long or slack ligaments

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10
Q

What form of behavioral modifications would help a patient suffering from TMJ

A

therapy to reduce anxiety, depression, and stress

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11
Q

Anterior dislocation of the shoulder is the most common or least common?

A

Most common 95%

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12
Q

What nerve is damaged with an anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve

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13
Q

Annular ligament will encircle which bone?

A

Radius (radial head)

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14
Q

Which ligament will prevent hyperextension of the hip?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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15
Q

Function of the ACL and PCL.
Which ligament is injured during trauma?

A

ACL-Prevents hyperextension of the knee
PCL-Prevents posterior displacement of tibia
*ACL Ligament is most commonly injured

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16
Q

What is the most common ligament tear of the ankle joint?

A

Anterior tibiofibular ligament Is most common to tear or sprain

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17
Q

What are the differences between tendon, ligament and bursa?

A

Tendon-Attaching muscle to bone

Ligament-Attaching one bone to another

Bursa-Between muscles or tendons pass over bones or between bone and skin. Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid

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18
Q

Explain the process of muscle concentration from what is the actions of the bands, the z disc and M-Line?

A

M line=dark transverse protein in middle of H band

A band=thick filaments overlap with thin (DOES NOT SHRINK)

I band= light band that shrinks slightly on contraction

Z line (Z disc)= protein complex provides anchorage for thin filaments and elastic

H band= THICK FILAMENTS ONLY , middle of A band (Disappears on contraction)

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19
Q

What helps the skeletal muscles to contract?

A

Myosin and actin=contractile proteins (work) Tropomyosin and Troponin regulate when or if a fiber can contract

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20
Q

What mineral will help with muscle contraction?

A

Calcium

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21
Q

Symptoms of tetanus and what is blocked when a patient has tetanus

A

Lockjaw a form of spastic paralysis cause by toxin colostridium tetani.
Blocks glycine release in spinal cord.

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22
Q

Botulism cannot be given to which age group?

A

Used to be 1 yr old but now recommend not under 2 yrs old.

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23
Q

What are the real life examples of the different types of contractions?

A

1)concentric- Lifting weight
2)Eccentric- slowly lowering weight
3)Isotonic-holding same weight doing reps

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24
Q

What will produce more ATP and does not generate lactate

A

Aerobic respiration
And requires a continuous supply of oxygen

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25
Difference between DHF & CHF
DHF-Decompensated heart failure, unable to pump effectively CHF-Congested, heart failure, unable to pump out effectively, feels like drowning
26
The location of intercalated discs would be found where?
Cardiac muscle
27
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
The SA (sinus) node
28
Myasthenia Gravis: Age- Gender- Symptoms-
Age- 20-30 Gender- Female Symptoms- Droopy eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing, weakness of limbs, inability to fixate on same point with both eyes 60sec.
29
What classification of muscles will be found in the pec major?
Triangular convergent muscle
30
When dealing with the thigh muscles when a patient performs a squat which muscles/group of muscles will act as the primary movers, in which will act as the antagonist?
Quadriceps and gluteus maximus Antagonists- hamstrings
31
Which cranial nerve intervate, the majority of the facial muscles
CN-VII
32
The fiber pathways of the intercoastals will help in what action?
Elevating and depressing the ribs
33
What is the most common type of hernia and who would get them?
Inguinal hernia Men
34
What muscles are involved in tennis and golfers elbow?
(Tennis) Extensor carpi Radials brevis And (Golfers) Flexor carpi Radials and pronator teres
35
Which pec is associated with a pec tear?
Pec major
36
What are some treatment/ management for a patient suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome?
Anti-inflammatory drugs, immobilization of the wrist, and sometimes surgery to remove part or all of flexor retinaculum
37
Action and innervation of Orbicularis Oculi
Action: Blinking, squinting, draws eyebrow inferiorly Innervation: Facial nerve
38
Action and innervation of Orbicularis Oris
Action: Closes, protrudes and compresses lips Innervation: facial nerve
39
Action and innervation of Levator Labii Superioris
Action: Raises and furrows upper lip Innervation: facial nerve
40
Action and innervation of Buccinator
Action: Compresses cheek against teeth and gums, keeps cheek in place to prevent biting during chewing, expels air and liquid Innervation: facial nerve
41
Action and innervation of Temporalis:
Action: To retract mandible during chewing, and make rear teeth meet Innervation: trigeminal nerve
42
Action and innervation of Masseter
Action: Prime mover of jaw closure and elevates mandible Innervation: trigeminal nerve
43
Action and innervation of Sternocleidomastoid:
Action: Prime mover of neck flexion Unilateral-rotation of head to opposite side Bilateral- contraction flexes neck Innervation: accessory nerve
44
Action and innervation of Scalenes:
Action: Unilateral- ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation of neck Bilateral- flexion of neck Innervation: Brachial plexus
45
Action and innervation of Trapezius:
Extends and laterally flexes the neck, Performs scapular movements Innervation: accessory nerve (C7-T12)
46
Action and innervation of Diaphragm:
Contraction causes diaphragm to flatten and enlarge Thoracic cavity, causing air intake Innervation: Phrenic nerve
47
Action and innervation of External abdominal oblique:
Most superficial later; Fibers pass downward and anteriorly, Rotation (twisting) of waist Innervation- Anterior rami spinal nerve (T7-T12)
48
Action and innervation of Rectus Abdominis:
Sternum to pubis; flexes waist, Divided into segments by three tendinous intersections, giving the look of a six pack Innervation: Anterior rami spinal nerve (T6-T12)
49
Action and innervation of Erector spinae:
Lateral flexion and extension of spine Innervates: posterior rami of cervical to lumbar spinal nerves
50
Action and innervation of Quadratus Lumborum
Deep back muscle, and lumbar region -Unilateral contraction causes ipsilateral flexion of the spine -Bilateral contraction causes extension of the spine Innervation- anterior rami spinal nerve (T12-L4)
51
Action and innervation of Multifidus:
Series of tiny muscles, connecting adjacent vertebrae to each other; stabilize vertebrae and maintain posture Innervation- posterior rami of cervical to lumbar spinal nerves
52
Action and innervation of Pec Minor and Major
Action: Pec minor- Stabilizes the scapula Pec major- Adducts and medically rotates the arm Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
53
Action and innervation of Rhomboid Minor and Major
Action: Retracts the scapula Innervation: Posterior scapular nerve
54
Action and innervation of Latissimus Dorsi:
Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
55
Action and innervation of Deltoid:
Action: Aducts, flexes and extends the arm Innervation: Axillary nerve
56
Action and innervation of Biceps:
Action: flexes elbow, supinates the forearm Innervation: Musclulocutaneous nerve 
57
Action and innervation of Triceps:
Action: extends elbow, prime mover of elbow Innervation: radial nerve
58
Action and innervation of Gluteus Max, med, min:
Action: Max- extends and laterally rotates the thigh Med and min: abduct and medially rotates the thigh Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (med&min), inferior gluteal nerve (max)
59
Action and innervation of Tensor Fasciae Latae:
Extends knee, laterally rotates tibia. Aid in abduction and medial rotation of femur during standing Innervation- Superior gluteal nerve
60
Action and innervation of Piriformis:
Laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh -spinal nerve L5 to S2
61
Action and innervation of Sartorius:
Aids in knee and hip flexion (sitting/climbing) abducts and literally rotates thigh Innervation- femoral nerve
62
Action and innervation of Bicep Femoris:
Flexes knee, extends hip, elevates trunk from stooping posture, laterally rotates femur when hip is extended Innervation- long Tibial sciatic nerve?? Short Fibular sciatic nerve??
63
Action and innervation of Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extends great toe Dorsiflexes foot -deep fibular (perineal nerve)
64
Action and innervation of Gastrocnemius:
Plantar flexes foot, flexes knee, (walking running and jumping) -tibial nerve
65
Action and innervation of Flexor Hallicus longus:
Flexes phalanges of digit one as foot is raised from ground, stabilizes metatarsal heads -tibial nerve