Chapter 27 (not Finished) Flashcards

1
Q

XO

A

Turner’s syndrome

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2
Q

Primary sex organs

A

Testes in males: ovaries in females

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3
Q

Secondary sex organs

A

Make- system of ducts, glands; penis
Female-uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

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4
Q

External genitalia located in the

A

Perineum

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5
Q

Internal genitalia located in the

A

Pelvic cavity-except testes

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6
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

-influence Mate attraction
-Pubic and axillary hair, associated scent glands, pitch of voice
-male-facial/torso hair, muscles
-female- distribution of body fat, breast enlargement, finer body hair

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7
Q

Our cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes includes

A

22 pair of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

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8
Q

Gonads begin to develop at ____ weeks as gonadal ridges

A

5 to 6

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9
Q

In _______, mesonephric ducts develop into reproductive tract; paramesonephric ducts degenerate

A

Males

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10
Q

In _______, paramesonephric ducts develop into reproductive tract; mesonephric ducts degenerate

A

Females

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11
Q

Without functional sex determining region Y _________, a fetus will not develop testes but will develop a uterus and fallopian tubes, despite having and X and Y chromosome

A

Protein

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12
Q

The SRY gene (sex determining region of Y chromosome) is found only in males
T/F

A

True

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13
Q

Testes begin to secrete testosterone at ______, Which stimulates _______ ducts to develop into male tracts

A

8-9 weeks
Mesonephric

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14
Q

Testes also secrete __________, causing degeneration of the paramesonephric ducts

A

Müllerian- inhibiting factor

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15
Q

Development of a female results from absence of _______ rather than the presence of _______which are always high during pregnancy

A

Androgens
Estrogens

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16
Q

An XX fetus can be masculinized by abnormally high prenatal androgen, exposure, called

A

Adrenogenial syndrome (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)

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17
Q

Individual is XY and testes secretes testosterones, but show a feminine phenotype due to a deficiency of testosterone receptors,disorder called

A

Androgen insensitivity disorder (AIS)

18
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

Assumed female fails to menstrate
-presence of testes in the abdomen
-Karyotype of XY chromosomes
-external genitalia develop female anatomy as if no testosterone were present
“Male” With respect to genes and gonads, but not with respect to genitalia

19
Q

_________ becomes the head of the penis or glans clitoris

A

Genital tubercle

20
Q

Pair of _______ ______ encloses male urethra helping to form the penis or forms the labia minora

A

Urogenital folds

21
Q

Pair of _____ _____ becomes either the scrotum or labia major

A

Labioscrotal folds

22
Q

Male and female organs that develop from the same embryonic structure are___________ ex: penis-clitoris and scrotum-labia majora

A

Homologous

23
Q

Embryonic, connective, tissue cord, extending from gonad to pelvic cavity floor

A

Gubernaculum

24
Q

About 3% of boys are born With undescended testes, this is called

A

cryptorchidism

25
In month seven testes pass through the ______into the _____guided by the gubernaculum
Inguinal canal Scrotum
26
_______ acts to regulate the temperature of the scrotum. -Wrinkling the scrotum and holding testes against one body
Dartos fascia -Layer of smooth muscle and connective tissue
27
__________ Divide scrotum into right and left compartments
Internal median septum
28
The scrotum contains ________, the bundle of fibrous connective tissues containing the ductus deferens, blood and lymphatic vessels and testicular nerve.
Spermatic cord
29
Fibromuscular tube that is continuation of the epididymis and is an excretory duct of the testes.
Ductus Deferens
30
To produce sperm temp must be about
35*C (95*F) Cooler than core body temp of 37*c (98.6*F)
31
When it’s cold _______ contracts, to hold testes closer to body. 
Cremaster
32
This venous plexus surrounds testicular artery; countercurrent blood flow removes heat from descending artery blood to be carried away by ascending venous blood
Pampiniform plexus
33
The testes are combined ______ and _____ glands that produce sex hormones and sperm
Endocrine and exocrine
34
The testes are covered by ________ _______-white fibrous capsule
Tunica Albuginea
35
Where is sperm produced
Seminiferous tubules
36
What produces the testosterone?
Interstitial endocrine cells
37
Each seminiferous tubule is lined with thick germinal epithelium composed of
-Layer of germ cells (developing sperm) -Nurse cells (supporting cells, sustentacular) - blood-testis barrier
38
Blood-testis barrier (BTB) prevents
Antibodies and immune cells from attacking germ cells
39
Nurse cell secrete proteins ________ and _________, which regulate sperm production
Androgen-binding protein and inhibin
40
Right testicular vein drains into ___________ Left one drains into _________
(Right) inferior vena cava (Left) Renal vein
41
Site of sperm maturation and storage
Epididymis