Chapter 27 (not Finished) Flashcards
XO
Turner’s syndrome
Primary sex organs
Testes in males: ovaries in females
Secondary sex organs
Make- system of ducts, glands; penis
Female-uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
External genitalia located in the
Perineum
Internal genitalia located in the
Pelvic cavity-except testes
Secondary sex characteristics
-influence Mate attraction
-Pubic and axillary hair, associated scent glands, pitch of voice
-male-facial/torso hair, muscles
-female- distribution of body fat, breast enlargement, finer body hair
Our cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes includes
22 pair of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
Gonads begin to develop at ____ weeks as gonadal ridges
5 to 6
In _______, mesonephric ducts develop into reproductive tract; paramesonephric ducts degenerate
Males
In _______, paramesonephric ducts develop into reproductive tract; mesonephric ducts degenerate
Females
Without functional sex determining region Y _________, a fetus will not develop testes but will develop a uterus and fallopian tubes, despite having and X and Y chromosome
Protein
The SRY gene (sex determining region of Y chromosome) is found only in males
T/F
True
Testes begin to secrete testosterone at ______, Which stimulates _______ ducts to develop into male tracts
8-9 weeks
Mesonephric
Testes also secrete __________, causing degeneration of the paramesonephric ducts
Müllerian- inhibiting factor
Development of a female results from absence of _______ rather than the presence of _______which are always high during pregnancy
Androgens
Estrogens
An XX fetus can be masculinized by abnormally high prenatal androgen, exposure, called
Adrenogenial syndrome (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)
Individual is XY and testes secretes testosterones, but show a feminine phenotype due to a deficiency of testosterone receptors,disorder called
Androgen insensitivity disorder (AIS)
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Assumed female fails to menstrate
-presence of testes in the abdomen
-Karyotype of XY chromosomes
-external genitalia develop female anatomy as if no testosterone were present
“Male” With respect to genes and gonads, but not with respect to genitalia
_________ becomes the head of the penis or glans clitoris
Genital tubercle
Pair of _______ ______ encloses male urethra helping to form the penis or forms the labia minora
Urogenital folds
Pair of _____ _____ becomes either the scrotum or labia major
Labioscrotal folds
Male and female organs that develop from the same embryonic structure are___________ ex: penis-clitoris and scrotum-labia majora
Homologous
Embryonic, connective, tissue cord, extending from gonad to pelvic cavity floor
Gubernaculum
About 3% of boys are born With undescended testes, this is called
cryptorchidism
In month seven testes pass through the ______into the _____guided by the gubernaculum
Inguinal canal
Scrotum
_______ acts to regulate the temperature of the scrotum.
-Wrinkling the scrotum and holding testes against one body
Dartos fascia
-Layer of smooth muscle and connective tissue
__________ Divide scrotum into right and left compartments
Internal median septum
The scrotum contains ________, the bundle of fibrous connective tissues containing the ductus deferens, blood and lymphatic vessels and testicular nerve.
Spermatic cord
Fibromuscular tube that is continuation of the epididymis and is an excretory duct of the testes.
Ductus Deferens
To produce sperm temp must be about
35C (95F)
Cooler than core body temp of 37c (98.6F)
When it’s cold _______ contracts, to hold testes closer to body. 
Cremaster
This venous plexus surrounds testicular artery; countercurrent blood flow removes heat from descending artery blood to be carried away by ascending venous blood
Pampiniform plexus
The testes are combined ______ and _____ glands that produce sex hormones and sperm
Endocrine and exocrine
The testes are covered by ________ _______-white fibrous capsule
Tunica Albuginea
Where is sperm produced
Seminiferous tubules
What produces the testosterone?
Interstitial endocrine cells
Each seminiferous tubule is lined with thick germinal epithelium composed of
-Layer of germ cells (developing sperm)
-Nurse cells (supporting cells, sustentacular)
- blood-testis barrier
Blood-testis barrier (BTB) prevents
Antibodies and immune cells from attacking germ cells
Nurse cell secrete proteins ________ and _________, which regulate sperm production
Androgen-binding protein and inhibin
Right testicular vein drains into ___________
Left one drains into _________
(Right)
inferior vena cava
(Left)
Renal vein
Site of sperm maturation and storage
Epididymis
