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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at the interface

A

Joint articulation

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2
Q

An immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become a single bone.

A

Synostosis or boney joint

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3
Q

Examples of synostis

A

-Illium, ischium, pubis fuse to form hip bone in adult
-Attachment of first ribs, and sternum with old age

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4
Q

T/F
Synostosis can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joins

A

True

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5
Q

Adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerged from one bone and penetrate into the other

A

Synarthrosis or Fibrous joint

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6
Q

Serrate suture

A

Interlocking wavy lines
-coronal, sagittal and lamboid sutures

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7
Q

Lap (squamous) suture

A

Overlapping beveled edges
- temporal and pariental bones

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8
Q

Plane (butt) sutures

A

Straight, non overlapping edges
-Palatine process of the maxillae

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9
Q

Gomphosis

A

Attachment of a tooth tooth socket

!Held in place I fibrous periodontal ligament!

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10
Q

The fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by long, collagen fibers

A

Syndesmosis
Example of a very mobile one is interosseus membrane-connecting radius and ulna

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11
Q

What are two types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses-
Symphysis-

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12
Q

Amphiarthrosis also called

A

Cartilaginous joint

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13
Q

Bones joined by hyaline Cartilage called

A

Synchondrosis
Example- First rib attachment to sternum

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14
Q

Two bones joints by fibrocartilage is called

A

Symphysis
Example- body of vertebrae’s and interpubic disc

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15
Q

Synovial joint also known as

A

Diarthrosis

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16
Q

-Joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity.
-Most freely mobile
-overuse may develop dysfunction

A

Synovial joint (diarrhrosis)

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17
Q

Synovial fluid is rich in

A

-Albumin and hyaluronic acid
-Found in Eggs and Coca-Cola

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18
Q

Low synovial fluid is a pre-form of …

A

Arthritis

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19
Q

Pad that crosses the entire joint capsule

A

Articular disc
Example: jaw

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20
Q

What absorb shock and pressure, but also stabilize joint and guide bones across each other and improve their fit together

A

Meniscus

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21
Q

Strip of collagen is tissue attaching muscle to bone

A

Tenden

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22
Q

Strip of collagen is tissue attaching one bone to another

A

Ligament

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23
Q

Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid

A

Bursa
-located between muscles, where tendon passes over bone Or between bone and skin.

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24
Q

Elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon

A

Tendon (synovial) sheath
-Abundant in hand and foot

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25
Repetitive compression of nonvascular cartilage during exercise, squeezes fluid and metabolic waste out of cartilage
Without exercise, Cartlidge deteriorate more rapidly from inadequate nutrition and waste removal
26
Range of motion, the degrees through which a joint can move is Determined by
-Structure of the articular surface -strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules -action of the muscle and tendon
27
Condylar (ellipsoid) joints
Oval, convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other -Biaxle joint-movement into places -ex: wrist, Radiocarpal joint and metacarpophalangeal joints
28
Plane (gliding) joints
Flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other Usually Biaxle joints Sacroiliac Ex-Between carpal bones of rest between tarsal bones of info also between articular processes a vertebrate
29
Hinge joints
One bone with convict circus fits into a concave depression of another bone -monoaxle Ex:Knee elbow finger and toe joints
30
Monoaxial joint
Move freely and one plane
31
Biaxial joints
Movement in two planes
32
Multiaxial joints
3 degrees of freedom/axes of rotation
33
Tmj
Two ligaments support joint- Lateral ligament and sphenomandibular ligament
34
TMJ dysfunction
-Females are 2x as common -Clicking, popping, restricted movement Treatments include pain medication, reduce anxiety, depression, and stress
35
What is the most freely mobile joint in the body?
Shoulder joint Glenohumeral joint (humeroscapular)
36
Supporting structures tendons of four muscles- SITS
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Tres MINOR (not major) Subscapularis (All fuse to form rotary cuff)
37
Shoulder joint five principal ligaments
3 glenohumeral ligaments 1 coracohumeral ligament 1 transverse humeral ligament
38
Anterior dislocation of the shoulder
Anterior displacement of the humerus accounts for over 95% of the cases (Anterior pushed forward-Posterior pushed back)
39
What are the two articulations of the elbow hinge joint?
Humeroulnar joint-Trochlea of the humerus joins trochlear notch of the ulna Humeroradial joint- capitulum of humerus meets head of radius
40
Humeroulnar joint-
Trochlea of the humerus joins trochlear notch of the ulna
41
Humeroradial joint-
capitulum of humerus meets head of radius
42
Olecranon bursa on ______ side of elbow eases movement of tendons
Posterior
43
Proximal radioulnar joint (at elbow region)
How to place by Annular ligament- Encircling Radial head If the annual ligament is gone, the stability is gone
44
What is the major stabilizer of the ulna?
UCL and (RCL?) Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament
45
Olecranon bursa common in which profession
Plumbers (Bubble elbow)
46
Round ligament (ligamentum tres)
Fovea capitis to acetabulum -Contains artery that supplies, blood to head of the femur -If torn the head of the femur is now dead but hard to tear
47
Hip Iliofemoral ligament prevents…. Vs Pubofemoral ligament prevents
…Hyperextention …Excess abduction and extension
48
The ACL stabilizes the knee joint by
!Prevents hyperextension! Preventing excessive forward movements of the tibia or limiting the rotational knee movements
49
The PCL, one of the main stabilizers of the knee joint, serves primarily to
!Prevents posterior displacement! Resist excessive posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
50
T/F ACL prevent hyperextension PCL prevents posterior displacement of tibia to femur
True
51
The fat pad in the knee is for
Protection Cushioning
52
Is the lateral condyle in the medial condyle of the tibia equal?
No. Medial condyle is larger
53
The knee joint has at least ____ bursae
13 Needed to keep the knee safe and stable
54
Most common knee injuries are
ACL Heals slowly due to low or no blood supply
55
Procedure, in which interior of joint is viewed with a pencil-thin ____scope, inserted through a small incision
Arthroscopy !Less tissue damage than conventional surgery!
56
Talocrural (ankle) joint Includes two articulations
A medial joint between tibia and talus in a lateral joint between fibula and talus -Malleoli Of tibia, and Fibia overhang the towers on either side and prevent side-to-side motion -More restricted range of motion than the wrist
57
Ankle ligaments What ligament binds tibia to Fibia?
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
58
Ankle ligaments What ligament binds Fibula to the foot on the lateral side?
Multipart Lateral (Collateral) ligament
59
Ankle ligaments What ligament binds tibia to the foot on the medial side?
Multipart medial (deltoid) ligament
60
T/F Sprains (Torn ligaments and tendons) are not common at the angle.
False Common
61
Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon extends from
The calf muscle to the Calcaneus; Plantarflexes the foot and limits dorsiflexation
62
Most, second and third most common sprain or tear on ankle
#1 Anterior talofibular ligament #2 Calcaneofibular ligament #3 Posterior talofibular ligament *Hardly ever tear the medial ligament
63
T/F There are only a few ligaments for flexibility of the foot?
False Lots of ligaments
64
Most common form of arthritis; from wear and tear -Lateral pain
Osteoarthritis (OA)
65
Severe arthritis caused by autoimmune attack against joint issues -Bilateral loss of joint space
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
66
What is Arthroplasty?
Replacement of diseased joint with artificial joint prosthesis

Anatomy 1 (16 decks)

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