Chapter 9 Flashcards
Any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at the interface
Joint articulation
An immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become a single bone.
Synostosis or boney joint
Examples of synostis
-Illium, ischium, pubis fuse to form hip bone in adult
-Attachment of first ribs, and sternum with old age
T/F
Synostosis can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joins
True
Adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerged from one bone and penetrate into the other
Synarthrosis or Fibrous joint
Serrate suture
Interlocking wavy lines
-coronal, sagittal and lamboid sutures
Lap (squamous) suture
Overlapping beveled edges
- temporal and pariental bones
Plane (butt) sutures
Straight, non overlapping edges
-Palatine process of the maxillae
Gomphosis
Attachment of a tooth tooth socket
!Held in place I fibrous periodontal ligament!
The fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by long, collagen fibers
Syndesmosis
Example of a very mobile one is interosseus membrane-connecting radius and ulna
What are two types of cartilaginous joints
Synchondroses-
Symphysis-
Amphiarthrosis also called
Cartilaginous joint
Bones joined by hyaline Cartilage called
Synchondrosis
Example- First rib attachment to sternum
Two bones joints by fibrocartilage is called
Symphysis
Example- body of vertebrae’s and interpubic disc
Synovial joint also known as
Diarthrosis
-Joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity.
-Most freely mobile
-overuse may develop dysfunction
Synovial joint (diarrhrosis)
Synovial fluid is rich in
-Albumin and hyaluronic acid
-Found in Eggs and Coca-Cola
Low synovial fluid is a pre-form of …
Arthritis
Pad that crosses the entire joint capsule
Articular disc
Example: jaw
What absorb shock and pressure, but also stabilize joint and guide bones across each other and improve their fit together
Meniscus
Strip of collagen is tissue attaching muscle to bone
Tenden
Strip of collagen is tissue attaching one bone to another
Ligament
Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid
Bursa
-located between muscles, where tendon passes over bone Or between bone and skin.
Elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon
Tendon (synovial) sheath
-Abundant in hand and foot
Repetitive compression of nonvascular cartilage during exercise, squeezes fluid and metabolic waste out of cartilage
Without exercise, Cartlidge deteriorate more rapidly from inadequate nutrition and waste removal
Range of motion, the degrees through which a joint can move is Determined by
-Structure of the articular surface
-strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules
-action of the muscle and tendon
Condylar (ellipsoid) joints
Oval, convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other
-Biaxle joint-movement into places
-ex: wrist, Radiocarpal joint and metacarpophalangeal joints
Plane (gliding) joints
Flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other
Usually Biaxle joints
Sacroiliac
Ex-Between carpal bones of rest between tarsal bones of info also between articular processes a vertebrate
Hinge joints
One bone with convict circus fits into a concave depression of another bone
-monoaxle
Ex:Knee elbow finger and toe joints
Monoaxial joint
Move freely and one plane
Biaxial joints
Movement in two planes
Multiaxial joints
3 degrees of freedom/axes of rotation
Tmj
Two ligaments support joint- Lateral ligament and sphenomandibular ligament
TMJ dysfunction
-Females are 2x as common
-Clicking, popping, restricted movement
Treatments include pain medication, reduce anxiety, depression, and stress
What is the most freely mobile joint in the body?
Shoulder joint
Glenohumeral joint (humeroscapular)
Supporting structures
tendons of four muscles- SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Tres MINOR (not major)
Subscapularis
(All fuse to form rotary cuff)
Shoulder joint
five principal ligaments
3 glenohumeral ligaments
1 coracohumeral ligament
1 transverse humeral ligament
Anterior dislocation of the shoulder
Anterior displacement of the humerus accounts for over 95% of the cases
(Anterior pushed forward-Posterior pushed back)
What are the two articulations of the elbow hinge joint?
Humeroulnar joint-Trochlea of the humerus joins trochlear notch of the ulna
Humeroradial joint- capitulum of humerus meets head of radius
Humeroulnar joint-
Trochlea of the humerus joins trochlear notch of the ulna
Humeroradial joint-
capitulum of humerus meets head of radius
Olecranon bursa on ______ side of elbow eases movement of tendons
Posterior
Proximal radioulnar joint (at elbow region)
How to place by Annular ligament- Encircling Radial head
If the annual ligament is gone, the stability is gone
What is the major stabilizer of the ulna?
UCL and (RCL?)
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Olecranon bursa common in which profession
Plumbers
(Bubble elbow)
Round ligament (ligamentum tres)
Fovea capitis to acetabulum
-Contains artery that supplies, blood to head of the femur
-If torn the head of the femur is now dead but hard to tear
Hip
Iliofemoral ligament prevents….
Vs
Pubofemoral ligament prevents
…Hyperextention
…Excess abduction and extension
The ACL stabilizes the knee joint by
!Prevents hyperextension!
Preventing excessive forward movements of the tibia or limiting the rotational knee movements
The PCL, one of the main stabilizers of the knee joint, serves primarily to
!Prevents posterior displacement!
Resist excessive posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
T/F
ACL prevent hyperextension
PCL prevents posterior displacement of tibia to femur
True
The fat pad in the knee is for
Protection
Cushioning
Is the lateral condyle in the medial condyle of the tibia equal?
No. Medial condyle is larger
The knee joint has at least ____ bursae
13
Needed to keep the knee safe and stable
Most common knee injuries are
ACL
Heals slowly due to low or no blood supply
Procedure, in which interior of joint is viewed with a pencil-thin ____scope, inserted through a small incision
Arthroscopy
!Less tissue damage than conventional surgery!
Talocrural (ankle) joint Includes two articulations
A medial joint between tibia and talus in a lateral joint between fibula and talus
-Malleoli Of tibia, and Fibia overhang the towers on either side and prevent side-to-side motion
-More restricted range of motion than the wrist
Ankle ligaments
What ligament binds tibia to Fibia?
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
Ankle ligaments
What ligament binds Fibula to the foot on the lateral side?
Multipart Lateral (Collateral) ligament
Ankle ligaments
What ligament binds tibia to the foot on the medial side?
Multipart medial (deltoid) ligament
T/F
Sprains (Torn ligaments and tendons) are not common at the angle.
False
Common
Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon extends from
The calf muscle to the Calcaneus; Plantarflexes the foot and limits dorsiflexation
Most, second and third most common sprain or tear on ankle
1 Anterior talofibular ligament
#2 Calcaneofibular ligament
#3 Posterior talofibular ligament
*Hardly ever tear the medial ligament
T/F
There are only a few ligaments for flexibility of the foot?
False
Lots of ligaments
Most common form of arthritis; from wear and tear
-Lateral pain
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Severe arthritis caused by autoimmune attack against joint issues
-Bilateral loss of joint space
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
What is Arthroplasty?
Replacement of diseased joint with artificial joint prosthesis
