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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at the interface

A

Joint articulation

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2
Q

An immobile joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become a single bone.

A

Synostosis or boney joint

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3
Q

Examples of synostis

A

-Illium, ischium, pubis fuse to form hip bone in adult
-Attachment of first ribs, and sternum with old age

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4
Q

T/F
Synostosis can occur in either fibrous or cartilaginous joins

A

True

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5
Q

Adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerged from one bone and penetrate into the other

A

Synarthrosis or Fibrous joint

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6
Q

Serrate suture

A

Interlocking wavy lines
-coronal, sagittal and lamboid sutures

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7
Q

Lap (squamous) suture

A

Overlapping beveled edges
- temporal and pariental bones

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8
Q

Plane (butt) sutures

A

Straight, non overlapping edges
-Palatine process of the maxillae

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9
Q

Gomphosis

A

Attachment of a tooth tooth socket

!Held in place I fibrous periodontal ligament!

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10
Q

The fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by long, collagen fibers

A

Syndesmosis
Example of a very mobile one is interosseus membrane-connecting radius and ulna

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11
Q

What are two types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses-
Symphysis-

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12
Q

Amphiarthrosis also called

A

Cartilaginous joint

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13
Q

Bones joined by hyaline Cartilage called

A

Synchondrosis
Example- First rib attachment to sternum

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14
Q

Two bones joints by fibrocartilage is called

A

Symphysis
Example- body of vertebrae’s and interpubic disc

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15
Q

Synovial joint also known as

A

Diarthrosis

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16
Q

-Joint in which two bones are separated by a joint cavity.
-Most freely mobile
-overuse may develop dysfunction

A

Synovial joint (diarrhrosis)

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17
Q

Synovial fluid is rich in

A

-Albumin and hyaluronic acid
-Found in Eggs and Coca-Cola

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18
Q

Low synovial fluid is a pre-form of …

A

Arthritis

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19
Q

Pad that crosses the entire joint capsule

A

Articular disc
Example: jaw

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20
Q

What absorb shock and pressure, but also stabilize joint and guide bones across each other and improve their fit together

A

Meniscus

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21
Q

Strip of collagen is tissue attaching muscle to bone

A

Tenden

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22
Q

Strip of collagen is tissue attaching one bone to another

A

Ligament

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23
Q

Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid

A

Bursa
-located between muscles, where tendon passes over bone Or between bone and skin.

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24
Q

Elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon

A

Tendon (synovial) sheath
-Abundant in hand and foot

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25
Q

Repetitive compression of nonvascular cartilage during exercise, squeezes fluid and metabolic waste out of cartilage

A

Without exercise, Cartlidge deteriorate more rapidly from inadequate nutrition and waste removal

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26
Q

Range of motion, the degrees through which a joint can move is Determined by

A

-Structure of the articular surface
-strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules
-action of the muscle and tendon

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27
Q

Condylar (ellipsoid) joints

A

Oval, convex surface of one bone fits into a complementary shaped depression on the other
-Biaxle joint-movement into places
-ex: wrist, Radiocarpal joint and metacarpophalangeal joints

28
Q

Plane (gliding) joints

A

Flat articular surfaces, bones slide over each other
Usually Biaxle joints
Sacroiliac
Ex-Between carpal bones of rest between tarsal bones of info also between articular processes a vertebrate

29
Q

Hinge joints

A

One bone with convict circus fits into a concave depression of another bone
-monoaxle
Ex:Knee elbow finger and toe joints

30
Q

Monoaxial joint

A

Move freely and one plane

31
Q

Biaxial joints

A

Movement in two planes

32
Q

Multiaxial joints

A

3 degrees of freedom/axes of rotation

33
Q

Tmj

A

Two ligaments support joint- Lateral ligament and sphenomandibular ligament

34
Q

TMJ dysfunction

A

-Females are 2x as common
-Clicking, popping, restricted movement
Treatments include pain medication, reduce anxiety, depression, and stress

35
Q

What is the most freely mobile joint in the body?

A

Shoulder joint
Glenohumeral joint (humeroscapular)

36
Q

Supporting structures
tendons of four muscles- SITS

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Tres MINOR (not major)
Subscapularis
(All fuse to form rotary cuff)

37
Q

Shoulder joint
five principal ligaments

A

3 glenohumeral ligaments
1 coracohumeral ligament
1 transverse humeral ligament

38
Q

Anterior dislocation of the shoulder

A

Anterior displacement of the humerus accounts for over 95% of the cases
(Anterior pushed forward-Posterior pushed back)

39
Q

What are the two articulations of the elbow hinge joint?

A

Humeroulnar joint-Trochlea of the humerus joins trochlear notch of the ulna
Humeroradial joint- capitulum of humerus meets head of radius

40
Q

Humeroulnar joint-

A

Trochlea of the humerus joins trochlear notch of the ulna

41
Q

Humeroradial joint-

A

capitulum of humerus meets head of radius

42
Q

Olecranon bursa on ______ side of elbow eases movement of tendons

A

Posterior

43
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint (at elbow region)

A

How to place by Annular ligament- Encircling Radial head

If the annual ligament is gone, the stability is gone

44
Q

What is the major stabilizer of the ulna?

A

UCL and (RCL?)
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament

45
Q

Olecranon bursa common in which profession

A

Plumbers
(Bubble elbow)

46
Q

Round ligament (ligamentum tres)

A

Fovea capitis to acetabulum
-Contains artery that supplies, blood to head of the femur
-If torn the head of the femur is now dead but hard to tear

47
Q

Hip
Iliofemoral ligament prevents….
Vs
Pubofemoral ligament prevents

A

…Hyperextention
…Excess abduction and extension

48
Q

The ACL stabilizes the knee joint by

A

!Prevents hyperextension!
Preventing excessive forward movements of the tibia or limiting the rotational knee movements

49
Q

The PCL, one of the main stabilizers of the knee joint, serves primarily to

A

!Prevents posterior displacement!
Resist excessive posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur

50
Q

T/F
ACL prevent hyperextension
PCL prevents posterior displacement of tibia to femur

A

True

51
Q

The fat pad in the knee is for

A

Protection
Cushioning

52
Q

Is the lateral condyle in the medial condyle of the tibia equal?

A

No. Medial condyle is larger

53
Q

The knee joint has at least ____ bursae

A

13
Needed to keep the knee safe and stable

54
Q

Most common knee injuries are

A

ACL
Heals slowly due to low or no blood supply

55
Q

Procedure, in which interior of joint is viewed with a pencil-thin ____scope, inserted through a small incision

A

Arthroscopy
!Less tissue damage than conventional surgery!

56
Q

Talocrural (ankle) joint Includes two articulations

A

A medial joint between tibia and talus in a lateral joint between fibula and talus

-Malleoli Of tibia, and Fibia overhang the towers on either side and prevent side-to-side motion
-More restricted range of motion than the wrist

57
Q

Ankle ligaments
What ligament binds tibia to Fibia?

A

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

58
Q

Ankle ligaments
What ligament binds Fibula to the foot on the lateral side?

A

Multipart Lateral (Collateral) ligament

59
Q

Ankle ligaments
What ligament binds tibia to the foot on the medial side?

A

Multipart medial (deltoid) ligament

60
Q

T/F
Sprains (Torn ligaments and tendons) are not common at the angle.

A

False
Common

61
Q

Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon extends from

A

The calf muscle to the Calcaneus; Plantarflexes the foot and limits dorsiflexation

62
Q

Most, second and third most common sprain or tear on ankle

A

1 Anterior talofibular ligament

#2 Calcaneofibular ligament
#3 Posterior talofibular ligament
*Hardly ever tear the medial ligament

63
Q

T/F
There are only a few ligaments for flexibility of the foot?

A

False
Lots of ligaments

64
Q

Most common form of arthritis; from wear and tear
-Lateral pain

A

Osteoarthritis (OA)

65
Q

Severe arthritis caused by autoimmune attack against joint issues
-Bilateral loss of joint space

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

66
Q

What is Arthroplasty?

A

Replacement of diseased joint with artificial joint prosthesis

Anatomy 1 (16 decks)

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