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Anatomy 1 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

The integumentary system consist of…

A

Skin hair, nails, and associated glands

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2
Q

What is the body’s largest and heaviest Organ?

A

Skin (integument)
8% body weight

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3
Q

The skin consist of which two layers?

A

Epidermidis and dermis

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4
Q

Epidermidis

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Dermis:

A

Deeper connected tissue

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6
Q

What is not part of the skin but usually studied with it? And below the dermis.

A

Hypodermis

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7
Q

If a paper cut does not hurt, it didn’t go through which layer?

A

Dermis layer

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8
Q

Thick skin covers…

A

Palms, soles and corresponding surfaces of fingers and toes

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9
Q

Thin skin covers….

A

The rest of the body, Has hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

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10
Q

One of the functions of the skin - is resistance to trauma and infection.
what provides physical protection?

A

Keratin

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11
Q

Functions of the skin-resistance to trauma and infection
What three things protect against bacteria?

A

Dermcidin, defensins, and acid mantle

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12
Q

Vitamin D synthesis with..

A

Cholesterol/steroids

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13
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Alter blood flow to release or retain heat

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14
Q

General features of the Epidermis

A

-Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-Avascular (lacks blood vessels)
-contain sparse nerve endings

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15
Q

Five Epidermal cell types:
Stem cells-

A

-Undifferentiated cells that give Rise to keratinocytes
-Deepest layer of epidermidis, Stratum basale

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16
Q

Five Epidermal cell types:
Keratinocytes-

A

-Great majority of epidermal cells
-Synthesize keratin

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17
Q

Five Epidermal cell types:
Melanocytes-

A

-Synthesize pigment melanin that shields DNA from ultraviolet radiation
-Occur only in stratum basale, but has branched processes that spread among keratinocytes and distribute melanin via melanosomes

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18
Q

Five Epidermal cell types:
Tactile cells-

A

-Touch, receptor cells associated with dermal nerve fibers
-Tactile disc—collective term for tactile cell and associated nerve fiber
-In basal layer of epidermidis

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19
Q

Five Epidermal cell types:
Dendritic cells-

A

-Phagocytic Immune cells that guard against toxins, microbes
-Capture, process and present antigens to lymphocytes, Initiates and regulates adaptive immune response
-Found in stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum

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20
Q

Tactile cells major types:
Merkel’s disc-

A

Unencapsulated, slow adaption

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21
Q

Tactile cells major types:
Meissners Corpuscle and Pacinian Corpuscle-

A

Encapsulated, rapid-adaption

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22
Q

Tactile cells major types:
Ruffini Corpuscles-

A

Encapsulated, slow- adaption

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23
Q

Layers of epidermis:
Stratum Basale (germinativum)-

A

Deepest, Single layer of stem cells and carrier tonight’s resting on the basement membrane.

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24
Q

Layers of epidermis:
Stratum Spinosum-

A

-Several layers of living keratinocytes, joined by desmosomes and tight junctions (flexibility and strength)
-“Spiny”
-also Contains dendritic cells

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25
Q

Layers of epidermis:
Stratum Granulosum

A

-3 to 5 layers of flat living keratinocytes.
-Prevention of fluid loss
-Cells contain dark staining keratonhyalin “granules”

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26
Q

Layers of epidermis:
Stratum Lucidum

A

-Thin, pale layer found only in !thick skin!
-!Friction reduction! between strat corn and Strat gran

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27
Q

Layers of epidermis:
Stratum corneum

A

-Up to 30 layers of dead, Scaly, keratinized cells
-! Resist, abrasion, penetration, water, loss!
-hydration

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28
Q

In 30 to 40 days a keratinocyte makes its way to the skin surface and …

A

Flakes off (exfoliates)

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29
Q

Filaggrin, A protein that binds keratin into tough bundles, keeps water in?
T/F

A

True

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30
Q

Epidermal water barrier

A

-Helps prevent dehydration
-Does not prevent the absorption of water by the stratum corneum- Prune fingers

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31
Q

The dermis

A

-Connective tissue layer .2 MM to 4 MM thick
-Composed of mainly collagen but also Contains elastic and reticular fibers
Well supplied blood vessels, sweat, glands, sebaceous, glands, and nerve endings
-Houses hair follicles and nail roots, muscles of facial expression.

32
Q

What is the cofactor for collagen?

A

Vitamin C

33
Q

The dermis/2 zones:
Papillary layer

A

Thin zone of areolar tissue In and near the dermal papillae, Allows for mobility of Leukocytes and other defense cells, Rich in small blood vessels.

34
Q

The dermis/ 2 zones
-Reticular layer

A

Deeper thicker layer of the dermis, composed of !dense irregular connective tissue! , stretch marks, damage dermal blood vessels

35
Q

Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)-

A

Layer of connective tissue beneath the skin that contains more areolar and adipose tissue than the dermis.
! Common site of drug injection due to many Blood vessels!

36
Q

Subcutaneous Fat refers to

A

Refers to tissue that is comprised predominantly of Adipose tissue.
-!Thinner in infants, elderly!

37
Q

Autograft-

A

Tissue from another location on the same persons body

38
Q

Allograft-

A

Tissue from unrelated person, usually deceased donors

39
Q

Cyanosis-

A

blueness due to oxygen deficiency

40
Q

Erythema-

A

Redness due to increased blood flow to skin

41
Q

Pallor-

A

Paleness due to decreased blood flow to skin

42
Q

Hematoma-

A

Bruising/clotted blood under skin

43
Q

Hemangioma

A

Birthmark

44
Q

Downy hair (lanugo)-

A

Fine, unpigmented (fetus)

45
Q

Vellus hair

A

Fine, pale hair
-2/3 of the hair of women
-1/10 of the hair of men
-All children’s hair except eyebrows lashes, and scalp hair

46
Q

Terminal hair

A

-Longer courser pigmented
-after puberty
-Male facial hair

47
Q

Arrector muscle

A

Bundle of smooth, muscle attaching follicle to dermis; contracts to make hair stand on end (piloerection)

48
Q

Sensory nerve fibers

A

-Entwine each follicle and respond to
!hair movements!

49
Q

Gray and white hair have a little or no melanin. T/F

A

True. Air is also present in medulla

50
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive hairiness in areas not usually hairy.

51
Q

Guard hairs

A

Guard nostrils and ear canals

52
Q

Fingernails and toenails derivatives of stratum ______

A

Corneum

53
Q

Clubbed fingertips

A

-Can be a sign of low oxygen, cancer, liver disease, or from family
-in rare cases, celiac or Crohn’s
-Low oxygen will affect the lungs, brain and heart

54
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

-Groin, anal region, axilla, areola, beard area in men-after puberty
-Bromhidrosis
-Sluggish lymph system?? Apocrine is effected

55
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Most numerous 3-4 million, dense in palms, soles, forehead

56
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

Found in both Apocrine and eccrine glands

57
Q

How many gallons of sweat do you lose her year while sleeping?

A

36 gal

58
Q

Insensible perspiration

A

Not notice does not produce visible witnesses skin 500ml/day

59
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweating with a wetness of the skin in response to heat, exercise or shock.
1L or more per hour

60
Q

Sebaceous glands produce…

A

Oily secretion called sebum

61
Q

No part of the cell is lost with secretion e.g. salivary glands

A

Merocrine

62
Q

The top of the cell is lost with the secretion e.g. mammory glands

A

Apocrine

63
Q

The whole cell detaches with secretion e.g. sebaceous gland

A

Holocrine

64
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

Modified apocrine glands found only in external ear canal
Produces wax

65
Q

Mammary glands

A

Milk producing
Modified apocrine sweat gland

66
Q

What is the most common easily treated cancer?

A

Skin cancer

67
Q

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

68
Q

Which skin cancer forms from the cells in Stratum basale (deepest layer)

A

Basal cell carcinoma

69
Q

Which cancer arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

70
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma Tends to metastasized to lymph nodes, and may become lethal. T/F

A

True

71
Q

Melanoma

A

Arises from melanocytes
Less common
Family history risk

72
Q

ABCDs of melanoma

A

Asymmetry, border, color, diameter

73
Q

Blister burn-several weeks to heal- possible scarring

A

Second degree

74
Q

Burn may require skin graft, fluid replacement, infection control and supplemental nutrition

A

Third degree

75
Q

Burn required surgery, grafts, possibly amputation. Nerves destroyed. Also chemical burns

A

Fourth degree

Anatomy 1 (16 decks)

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