Traumatic Brain Injury Flashcards
1
Q
Definition of traumatic brain injury?
A
- injury to the brain from external mechanical force with rotational shear forces
- leads to contusions, lacerations, diffuse injury
2
Q
Definition of moderate-severe TBI?
A
-30 minutes to 24 hours loss of consciousness
3
Q
Definition of mild TBI?
A
-10 to 30 minute loss of consciousness
4
Q
What happens in the brain when it’s injured?
A
- large amount of brain tissue swelling
- immune system responds leading to increase in activity, as well as possible pooling of blood leading to pressure in the skull
- shearing of fibres in the brain leading to loss of connection across the brain
5
Q
What leads to unconsciousness?
A
- the pressure in the skull presses on the brain stem (responsible for breathing, heart rate regulation)
- if it builds up can slip into unconsciousness or even coma
6
Q
Effect of TBI on the ‘social brain’?
A
- TBI commonly involves pathology to anterior brain regions implicated in social cognition
- as well as the DAI (diffuse axonal injury) which may disrupt formation of white matter connections that contribute to the social brain network
7
Q
How does TBI affect personality change in children/young people?
A
- effects may be delayed
- impulsivity, poor social skills and externalising behaviours
- disrupts development of prosocial life role
8
Q
How might TBI link to an increased risk in crime?
A
-injuries increase the chances of likely impulse control problems, social cognition problems and not thinking of consequences leading to violence being possibly easier
9
Q
Longitudinal study looking at whether children who experience TBI are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour?
A
- looked at children that were hospitalised, not hospitalised or had no injury
- both TBI groups were more likely to be arrested
- there was evidence of problems at school within 2 years and exclusion in teenage years
