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PSY1204 > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

Definition?

A
  • an unpleasant emotional state

- feel as if out of control of the world and themselves

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2
Q

What is anxiety characterized by?

A
  • fearfulness

- distressing physical symptoms

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3
Q

Examples of physical symptoms?

A
  • heart racing
  • palpitations
  • shaking
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4
Q

Example of phobia?

A
  • agoraphobia (open spaces)

- claustrophobia (closed spaces)

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5
Q

When is a phobia diagnosed?

A
  • when the fear is out of proportion to the actual threat of the stimulus
  • recognized as being irrational
  • disrupts everyday life
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6
Q

What is the amygdala responsible for?

A
  • spotting dangers

- alerts body to activate fight/flight response

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7
Q

What is the biology of the fight/flight response?

A
  • triggers adrenal gland
  • heart races to get blood to limbs and body parts
  • noradrenaline is released to go back to ‘normal’
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8
Q

Is there a genetic risk to anxiety?

A
  • may be distribution of those with autonomic ability (laid back/ agitated)
  • those with 1st degree relatives with agoraphobia have greater risk of the same
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9
Q

Is there evolutionary reasons for anxiety?

A

-need to be alerted to things around us quickly, those who can react quicker are more likely to survive

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10
Q

How can a phobia be conditioned?

A

-associate the stimulus with the feelings of fear or danger that was felt when being around it

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11
Q

How is a phobia reinforced?

A
  • through avoidance
  • the effect of reducing the arousal state
  • increases the chances they avoid it in the next encounter
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12
Q

What are the 2 types of behavioural conditioning?

A
  • operant

- classical

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13
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A
  • learning through the use of positive/negative reinforcement and punishment
  • increase/decrease the likelihood of behaviours being repeated
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14
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A
  • associating a stimulus with a specific response
  • UCS=UCR
  • NS=NR
  • UCS+NS=UCR
  • CS=CR
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15
Q

What is vicarious conditioning?

A
  • learning a fear through role models
  • having fear be reinforced by others
  • may be media influence (e.g. horror films)
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16
Q

What is systematic desensitisation?

A
  • treatment for phobia

- unlearning the fear response through associating the stimulus with calm (through coping responses of breathing etc)

17
Q

What is flooding?

A
  • treatment for phobia

- highest form of stimulus and waits till the patient calms

18
Q

Definition of desensitisation?

A
  • process of exposure to items of an hierarchy

- given skills to become mindful of responses so they’re able to control it

19
Q

What is GAD?

A
  • generalized anxiety disorder
  • fears over not being able to cope
  • triggered by stressful events
  • co-morbidity with depression
20
Q

What is Panic Disorder?

A
  • panic attacks

- common co-morbidity with other specific anxiety disorders/ depression

21
Q

What is PTSD?

A
  • post traumatic stress disorder
  • person has directly experienced or witnessed a serious threat/ injury
  • can be one off or continuous trauma
22
Q

What is PTSD characterised by?

A
  • bi-modal reactions

- go back and forth between the states

23
Q

What are bi-modal reactions?

A
  • fight/flight (flashbacks/nightmares, hypervigilance, hyper arousal)
  • freeze (avoidance behaviour, numb/blunted affect)
24
Q

What are the biological mechanisms for PTSD?

A
  • biological readiness for fear conditioning
  • altered state of readiness cycle due to elevated stress
  • Autonomic nervous system (switching between sympathetic (fight/flight) and parasympathetic (rest/digest) systems)
25
Q

What are the psychological mechanisms for PTSD?

A
  • cognitive-behavioural
  • fear conditioning and avoidance learning
  • how they experience a shift in self efficacy (sense of control) and risk of negative beliefs
26
Q

What factors contribute to PTSD?

A
  • pre-morbid history
  • being female
  • nature/severity of event
27
Q

Course and duration of PTSD?

A
  • symptoms last more than 1 month
  • typically begin within 3 months of the event
  • recovery varies
28
Q

What are the treatments for PTSD?

A
  • CBT
  • psychosocial rehabilitation
  • group therapy
  • medication
  • debriefing
  • eye movement desensitisation

PSY1204 (14 decks)

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