Depression

Question 1

What are the symptoms of depression?

Answer 1

• sadness, loss of pleasure
• worthlessness
• guilt foreboding
• poor sleep
• changes in appetite

Question 2

What are the signs of depression?

Answer 2

• socially withdrawn
• fatigue
• poor concentration
• inactivity
• restlessness

Question 3

Symptoms of Major Depressive Episode?

Answer 3

• one of (low mood, anhedonia)
• at least 5 (changes in weight, agitation, fatigue, insomnia, feelings of worthlessness/ guilt, difficulty thinking, recurrent thoughts of death)

Question 4

What is Dysthymia or Persistent Depressive Disorder?

Answer 4

• depressed mood for more than 50% of year for 2

- accompanied by at least 2 other symptoms

Question 5

What is Chronic depression?

Answer 5

-starts early in life and precedes first instances of major depressive episodes

Question 6

What is double depression?

Answer 6

-dysthymia and major depressive episode

Question 7

Consequences of depression?

Answer 7

• negative impact on relationships
• completed suicides
• greater risk of heart disease, diabetes, stroke

Question 8

What are the different phases of treatment for depression?

Answer 8

• preventative (before first time)
• acute (for current episode)
• continuation (continued)
• maintenance (for those at longer term risk)

Question 9

What are risk factors for depression?

Answer 9

• female
• family history
• past history
• loss/ stressful events
• poor housing/ low income
• negative styles of thinking

Question 10

How does having friends help?

Answer 10

• when they feel a responsibility to others they take better care of themselves and take fewer risks
• being lonely and isolated is harmful

Question 11

Biological factors of depression?

Answer 11

• physical illness

- genetic risk

Question 12

Biological treatments of depression?

Answer 12

• SSRIs

- ECT

Question 13

Cognitive factors of depression?

Answer 13

• Beck’s cognitive model
• forces shaped their thinking patterns and behaviours
• something happens and makes them feel a certain way

Question 14

What are the central parts of Beck’s cognitive model?

Answer 14

• thoughts can produce emotional distress
• interpretation between event and emotion, lean more towards the negative interpretation
• consequence of activation of negative cognitive patterns

Question 15

What are the components of Beck’s model?

Answer 15

• early experience
• core beliefs
• critical incident
• dysfunctional assumptions
• schemas
• negative thoughts
• symptoms

Question 16

What is the cognitive treatment for depression?

Answer 16

-CBT

Question 17

What are the components of CBT?

Answer 17

-activity monitoring
-tracking NATs
-challenging NATs
-identifying and challenging schemas
relapse prevention

Question 18

NICE guidelines treatment for subthreshold/mild-moderate depression

Answer 18

• consider offering one or more of:individual guided self-help, computerised CBT, structured group physical activity programme
• if they don’t respond then antidepressants or high intensity psychological intervention (CBT, interpersonal therapy, behavioural activation, couples therapy) would be provided

Question 19

NICE guidelines treatment for moderate to severe depression?

Answer 19

• combination of antidepressant and high-intensity psychological intervention (CBT or IPT)
• support and encourage continuation and relapse prevention
• individuals with significant risk or relapse/residual symptoms should be given individual CBT or mindfulness based cognitive therapy