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PSY1204 > Drug use and Addiction > Flashcards

Drug use and Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of addiction?

A
  • behaviour is reinforcing (rewarding/pleasureable)

- loss of control in limiting intake

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2
Q

Definition of mild addiction?

A

-presence of 2 to 3 symptoms

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3
Q

Definition of moderate addiction?

A

-presence of 4 to 5 symptoms

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4
Q

Definition of severe addiction?

A

-presence of 6 or more symptoms

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5
Q

Symptoms of addiction?

A
  • continuation of use despite consequences
  • repeatedly unable to carry out major obligations
  • recurrent use in physically hazardous situations
  • continued use despite persistent social/interpersonal problems
  • tolerance (need for increased amounts/ diminished effect)
  • withdrawal as syndrome/ substance use is to avoid withdrawal
  • using greater amounts/longer period of time
  • persistent desire
  • large amount of time spent obtaining/using/recovering
  • stopping/reducing important activities
  • craving or strong desire to use
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6
Q

Definition of tolerance?

A
  • state in which an organism reduces its response to a drug

- higher does is required to get same effect

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7
Q

Definition of sensitisation?

A

-progressive increase in drug effects

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8
Q

Definition of physical dependence?

A

-state in which organism functions normally in the presence of drug

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9
Q

Biological cause behind addiction?

A

-drugs hijack the brain’s natural reward system (mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway)

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10
Q

Volkow et al (1999)

A
  • compared those with low D2 against those with high D2
  • those with high density didn’t like the effects of a stimulant drug
  • those with low density did like it
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11
Q

Biological risk factors?

A
  • genetic risk
  • family history
  • gene and environment interactions
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12
Q

Cognitive factors in drug use?

A
  • poor inhibitory control
  • poor decision making/planning
  • memory impairment
  • attention grabbing
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13
Q

Effect of stress in drug users?

A
  • makes drug cues stand out
  • stress releases dopamine
  • reduces inhibitory processes
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14
Q

What did rat park find?

A

-if there’s other reinforcers/rewards it’s not inevitable that the organism will take drugs

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15
Q

Hart et al (2000)

A
  • lack of other rewards means addicts choose drugs

- when it was small monetary value, they would select the crack

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16
Q

Socio-cultural model of misuse/dependency?

A
  • stressful socio-economic conditions lead to higher rates of problems
  • higher rates due to sub-culture/peers/parents valuing alcohol
  • cultural factors play a role
17
Q

Psychodynamic model of misuse/dependency?

A
  • dependent personality developed due to unmet needs during childhood
  • set up to develop a ‘dependent relationship’
18
Q

Cognitive behavioural model of misuse/dependency?

A
  • behaviour is enforced by positive reward or negative reinforcement
  • self-medicating a mood disorder
  • role model from parents/peers
19
Q

Biopsychosocial model of misuse/dependency?

A
  • environment,biology, and genes interacting with each other
  • together increase risk of use while already using a substance
20
Q

What are the first steps in treating a drug problem?

A
  • detoxification (gradually reduce drug use)

- replacement to alleviate withdrawal

21
Q

What is conditioned aversion?

A
  • negative side effects dissuade the use of substances

- e.g. antabuse leads to vomiting when drinking alcohol

22
Q

What is motivational enhancement therapy?

A
  • emphasis on listening
  • empowering the person to generate own solutions
  • try to engage people in talking about own strengths to motivate them
23
Q

Treatments for the craving aspects?

A
  • mindfulness techniques
  • S.O.B.E.R
  • distraction
  • avoiding high risk situations
  • cue exposure
24
Q

What is contingency management?

A
  • treatment for learned association
  • abstinence is rewarded with vouchers
  • goal is to replace rewarding effects of drugs with rewarding effects of abstinence
25
Q

Key components of CBT?

A
  • education on alcohol
  • contatct
  • identify triggers and coping strategies
  • activity scheduling
  • develop goals
  • keep to limits
  • develop assertiveness skills
26
Q

What’s the connection treatment for addiction?

A
  • alcoholics/narcotic anonymous
  • 12 step programmes
  • emphasis on control
  • spirituality and higher meaning
27
Q

What are some emerging treatments for addiction?

A
  • compassion focused therapy
  • synergetic approaches using drugs to catalyse
  • CBD trial
  • KARE trial

PSY1204 (14 decks)

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