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My2 MSK > Trauma: spine and upper limb > Flashcards

Trauma: spine and upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

how can spinal cord or roots be damaged from trauma

A

contusion, compression, stretch, laceration, vascular disruption and oedema

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2
Q

what is urgent after spinal injury

A

ATLS primary survey and protection of spine

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3
Q

what is a complete spinal cord injury

A

no sensory or voluntary motor function below level of injury

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4
Q

how is the level of injury determined in spinal cord injury

A

dermatomal sensation and myotomal muscle contraction

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5
Q

what is incomplete spinal cord injury

A

some neurologic function distal to injury eg sacral sparing

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6
Q

what is spinal shock

A

physiological response to injury resulting in loss of sensation and motor function below injury

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7
Q

how long does spinal shock usually last

A

24 hours

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8
Q

what is bulbocavernous reflex

A

reflex contraction of anal sphincter and penis (absent in shock)

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9
Q

what is neurogenic shock

A

secondary to shutdown of symp outflow T1–> L2

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10
Q

where do neurogenic shock injuries usually occur

A

cervical or thoracic region

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11
Q

what are symptoms of neurogenic shock

A

hypotension, bradycardia, priapism (boner)

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12
Q

how do you treat shock from spinal trauma

A

IV fluid, immobilisation, traction, surgery

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13
Q

why are humeral neck fractures displaced medially

A

pec major

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14
Q

how do you get humeral neck fractures

A

FOOSH and osteoporotic bone

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15
Q

what treatment is needed for displaced humeral neck fractures and then communited

A

internal fixation, TSR

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16
Q

what is a risk of a displaced humeral neck fracture

A

stiffness and chronic pain

17
Q

how do you get anterior glenohumeral dislocations

A

external rotational force on back of shoulder from trauma

18
Q

what are symptoms of glenohumeral dislocations

A

loss of symmetry and roundness, loss of sensation in badge area (axillary nerve)

19
Q

what investigations are needed in glenohumeral dislocations

A

X ray and neruovascular assessment

20
Q

how do you treat glenohumeral dislocations (ant and post)

A

ant: MUA, if fractured ORIF
post: reduction and sling

21
Q

what are acromioclavicular joint injuries

A

acromion of scapula and clavicle: sprain, suluxation (acriomioclavicular ligament)

22
Q

what ligament is injured in an acromioclavicular joint dislocation

A

coracoclavicular

23
Q

what nerve can be damaged in humeral shaft fracture and what would a symptom be

A

radial nerve, wrist drop and loss of sensation in dorsal web

24
Q

how do you get a olecranon fracture and where is it

A

fall onto pointed elbow with contracted biceps

25
Q

how do you treat olecranon fractures

A

ORIF and wiring

26
Q

how do you get ulnar shaft fractures and how are they usually treated

A

direct blow (often self defence), conservative or ORIF if v unstable

27
Q

what is a monteggia fracture

A

fracture of ulnar with radial dislocation at elbow (under the eggy elbow)

28
Q

what is a galezzia fracture

A

fracture of radius with ulnar dislocation at radioulnar joint (Get wRecked Uhuh)

29
Q

what investigation is done for a monteggia fracture

A

elbow x ray

30
Q

what investigation is done for a gallezia fracture

A

wrist x ray

31
Q

what is a colles fracture

A

extra articular fracture of distal radius - FOOSD

32
Q

what are risks of colles fracture

A

medial nerve compression –> carpal tunnel, rupture of extensor pollicus longus

33
Q

how do you treat colles fracture

A

splint or ORIF

34
Q

what is smiths fracture and how do you get it

A

displaced extraarticular distal radius from falling onto flexed wrist

35
Q

what is a bartons frature

A

intra-articular distal radius

36
Q

what is a classic symptom of a scaphoid injury (ly Annie)

A

tenderness in anatomical snuff box and pain in thumb

37
Q

what is mallet finger

A

avulsion of extensor tendon by forced flexion of DIPJ

38
Q

how do you get and treat mallet finger

A

sport injury - mallet splint

39
Q

how are 3rd 4th and 5th metacarpal fractures commonly acquired

A

punching

My2 MSK (29 decks)

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