Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My2 MSK > orthopaedics: back + spinal pain > Flashcards

orthopaedics: back + spinal pain Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joints are intervertebral ones

A

secondary cartilaginous joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are facet joints

A

posterior between vertebra, synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are red flags of back pain (8)

A

younger than 20, older than 50, thoracic pain, previous carcinoma, immunocompromised, feeling unwell, weight loss, neuro, spinal deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the most common cause of lumbar back pain

A

mechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are risk factors contributing to mechanical lumbar back pain

A

obesity, age, OA, spondylosis, no red flags

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do you manage mechanical lumbar back pain

A

physio and analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is not advised in mechanical lumbar back pain

A

bed rest as it can lead to stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is spondylosis

A

degenerative process causing loss of fluid from intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what joints are commonly affected in spondylosis

A

L4/5, T12/S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what can help manage spondylosis

A

facet joint injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is an acute disc tear

A

outer annulus fibrosis of a disc ruptures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can cause acute disc tear

A

lifting heavy objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the symptoms of acute disc tear

A

severe pain, worse on coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what can be used to manage acute disc tears

A

analgesia and physio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is sciatica

A

disc tear –> gelatinous nucleus herniating through tear (prolapse) and compressing sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is sciatica a type of

A

disc prolapse/ lumbar radiculopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what level of the spine is the sciatic nerve

A

L4,5, S1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are symptoms of sciatica

A

pain radiating from buttocks. thighs, parasethesia, numbness, sensory/ motor changes (lower motor neurone symptoms)

19
Q

how do you manage sciatica (mild –> severe)

A

normally self-limiting, analgesia and anti inflamm, neuropathic eg gabapentin, pregablin, decompression surgery

20
Q

what is bony nerve root entrapment

A

OA of the facet joint resulting in osteophytes damaging nerve roots

21
Q

what are the symptoms of bony nerve root entrapment

A

similar to sciatica - different levels

22
Q

how do you treat bony nerve entrapment

A

surgical decompression, trimming of osteophytes

23
Q

what is spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of spinal canal causing nerve compression

24
Q

what can cause spinal stenosis

A

spondylosis, bulging discs, osteophytes

25
Q

what are symptoms of spinal stenosis

A

60+, overweight, claudication and pain on walking

26
Q

how do symptoms of spinal stenosis differ from vascular symptoms regarding pain on walking

A

pain is burning not cramping, LESS painful going uphill, pedal pulses are fine

27
Q

how do you manage spinal stenosis

A

physio, analgesia and weight loss

28
Q

what is cauda equina syndrome

A

damage to bundle of nerves at end of spinal cord (cauda eqiuna) which is a surgical emegency

29
Q

what can cause cauda eqiona

A

L1 disc prolapse/ herniation (Common), spinal stenosis, ankolysing spondylitis

30
Q

what nerve is compressed in cauda equina syndrome

A

sacral nerve

31
Q

what are the symptoms of cauda equina syndrome

A

urinary/ faecal retention and or incontinence, bilateral leg pain, numbness or paraplegia, numbness in sitting saddle area

32
Q

what investigations must always be done in cauda equina syndrome

A

MRI and PR

33
Q

what causes an osteoporotic crush fracture

A

osteoporosis

34
Q

what are the symptoms of an osteoporotic crush fracture

A

pain and kyphosis (hunchback)

35
Q

how can an osteoporotic crush fracture be managed

A

balloon vertebroplasty, injecting cement

36
Q

what happens in cervical disc spondylosis

A

disc degeneration + water loss –> faster OA

37
Q

what are the symptoms of cervical disc spondylosis

A

insidious onset of stiffness and pain in neck, worse on extension, radiation to shoulder and occiput

38
Q

what levels are normally affected in cervical disc spondylosis

A

C5-7

39
Q

what are symptoms of cervical disc prolapse

A

shooting neurological pain in dermatomal distribution, weakness in affected area, upper motor neurone signs

40
Q

what investigation is done for a cervical disc prolapse

A

MRI

41
Q

what is cervical spine instability

A

atlanto-axial subluxation due to destruction of synovial joint (can be fatal )

42
Q

who normally gets cervical spine instability

A

down syndrome and RA

43
Q

what are symptoms of cervical spine instability

A

wide gait, weakness, increased tone

44
Q

what management is done fro cervical spine instability

A

collar and surgery

My2 MSK (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions