trauma: complications of trauma Flashcards
name 4 early local complications of fractures
compartment syndrome, ischaemia, nerve compression, skin necrosis
name 5 early systemic complications of fractures
hypovolaemia, shock, ARDS, acute renal failure, systemic inflam response syndrome (SIRS), death
name 6 late local fracture complications
stiffness, loss of function, chronic pain syndrome, non-union, OA, DVT
name a late systemic fracture complication
PE
what is compartment syndrome
bleeding and inflam response causing rise in pressure in fascia compartment –> compressed venous system and secondary ischaemia
what are symptoms and signs of compartment syndrome
severe pain, loss of function, paraesthesia, severe pain out of clinical context, tensely swollen and tender, volkmann’s ischaemic contracture
what is volkmann’s ischaemic contracture
compartment syndrome where muscles necroes after being left too long
how do you treat compartment syndrome
remove tight clothing, fasciotomy
how do vascular injuries arise on trauma
penetrating/ blunt, vessels can be compressed and torn, partial tears of arterial intima can thrombose to an occlusion
what can digital limb ischaemia lead to
amputation
what can haemorrhage lead to
hypovolaemic shock
what vessel can be damaged in knee dislocations
popliteal artery
what vessel can be damaged in paediatric supracondylar fracture of the elbow
brachial artery
what vessel can be damaged in shoulder
axillary
fractures where can lead to life threatening haemorrhage
pelvis
