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My2 MSK > bone neoplasms > Flashcards

bone neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

name 7 benign bone neoplasms

A

osteochondroma, enchondroma, osetoid oesteoma, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumour, fibrous dysplasia

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2
Q

what is an enchondroma

A

intramedullary cartilaginous tumour (usually metaphyseal)

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3
Q

what are the characteristics of a enchondroma

A

lucent, mineralisation with patchy appearance on X ray

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4
Q

what are the symptoms of enchondroma and where do they commonly present

A

usually incidental, can cause pathological fractures, femur, humerus, tibia and small bones of hands and feet

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5
Q

how do you treat enchondroma

A

curettage and bone graft

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6
Q

what is an osetoid osteoma

A

small area of immature bone surrounded by slcerotic halo

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7
Q

how does osetoid osteoma present (age, symptoms, bones)

A

adolescence, intense constant pain, worse at night, better with NSAIDs

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8
Q

how do you investigate and treat osetoid osteoma

A

X ray or bone scan or CT, radio ablation

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9
Q

what is a simple bone cyst and how does it occur

A

single cavity of benign fluid in bone - can be growth defects

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10
Q

how does simple bone cyst present (age, symptoms, bones)

A

children and young adults, accidental X ray finding, humerus and femur (metaphyseal), weakness ad fracture

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11
Q

how do you treat simple bone cyst

A

curettage and bone graft

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12
Q

what is an aneurysmal bone cysts, what are the symptoms, how do you investigate and treat

A

cyst filled with bone and serum, locally aggressive and painful, pathological bone fractures,

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13
Q

how do you investigate and treat aneurysmal bone cyst

A

X ray, curettage and bone graft

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14
Q

where do giant cell tumours usually present

A

KNEE, radius, pelvis spine (occasional met –> lungs)

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15
Q

describe how Giant cell tumours present

A

locally aggressive, painful, fractures

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16
Q

how do you investigate and treat giant cell tumours

A

X ray –> soap bubble appearance, excision and maybe joint replacement

17
Q

what is fibrous dysplasia

A

genetic mutation –> fibrous tissue and immature bone, mineralisation makes bone wider.

18
Q

how does fibrous dysplasia present

A

sheperds crook deformity on X ray, stress fractures

19
Q

how do you treat fibrous dysplasia

A

bisphosphonates, bone graft (excision alone –> reoccurrence)

20
Q

what is an osteochondroma

A

most common benign bone tumour, bony outgrowth on cartilaginous cap on epiphysis of long bones esp knee

21
Q

how does osteochondroma present and how would you treat

A

local pain, resection/ excision

22
Q

name 4 malignant bone tumours

A

osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, ewing’s sarcoma

23
Q

who normally gets osteosarcoma, and how does it spread

A

children spreads through blood (pulm mets common)

24
Q

where does osteosarcoma present (bones) and what are the symptoms

A

knee, femur, humerus, pelvis, constant pain worse at night, weight/ appetite loss, fatigue

25
Q

how do you treat osteosarcoma

A

chemo (radio ineffective)

26
Q

what is a chondrosarcoma and who gets it

A

cartilage, less common or aggressive than osteo, older age groups

27
Q

where does chondrosarcoma present and what are the symptoms

A

pelvis and femur, back/ thigh pain, sciatica, oedema, large and slow growing

28
Q

what is a ewings sarcoma, who gets it and what is the prognosis

A

bone marrow, poorest prognosis, aged 10-20

29
Q

what are the symptoms of ewings sarcoma

A

fever, inflamm warm swelling

30
Q

how do you treat ewings sarcome

A

surgery –> amputations, additional chemo and radio

31
Q

what cancers commonly metastasise to bone

A

breast, prostate, lung renal, thyroid

32
Q

how do benign soft tissue neoplasms usually present

A

small, fluctuate in size, well defined, fluid. filled, soft and fatty

33
Q

how do malignant soft tissue neoplasms usually present

A

larger >5cm, rapid growth, ill definied, irregular, solid, systemic symptoms

34
Q

what is the most common soft tissue tumour

A

lipoma

35
Q

what are the 3 types of rhabdomyosarcoma

A

embryonal (kids), alveolar (older), pleomorphic

36
Q

where do ganglion cysts normally present

A

herniation of synovial joint at tendon sheath - wrist, knee, foot, ankle

37
Q

what is a ganglion cyst of the knee called and what can cause it

A

Baker’s cyst - OA

My2 MSK (29 decks)

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