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Stuff and Thangs > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common fracture problems?

A 
Transverse
Greenstick 
torus
Oblique/Spiral
Comminuted
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2
Q

What fracture pattern is most commonly stable?

A

Transverse!

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3
Q

What is Vassal’s Principle?

A

Initial fixation of a primary fracture will assist stabilization of the secondary fractures.
“Ligamentotaxis”

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4
Q

What are the possible complications of fractures?

A 
Delayed union
Non-union
Pseudoarthrodesis
OA
AVN
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5
Q

What is the most common cause of non-healing for a bone fracture?

A

Improper immobilization

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6
Q

Who was Lisfranc?

A

A field surgeon in Napoleans army

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7
Q

Are dorsal or plantar lis franc dislocations more common?

A

Dorsal

The plantar ligaments are stronger than the dorsal

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8
Q

What stages of Berdnt and Hardy are often associated with lateral ankle injuries?

A

2,3,4

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9
Q

Describe DIAL a PIMP

A

Dorsiflexion Inversion leading to an Anterior Lateral OCD lesion of the talar dome. (Unstable, shallow, wafer-shaped lesion)

Plantarflexion Inversion leading to a Medial Posterior OCD lesion (Deep, Cup-shaped lesion)

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10
Q

What is Hawkins Sign?

A

Presence of subchondral talar dome osteopenia seen 6-8 weeks after talar fracture signifying intact vascularity.

Absence of sign implies AVN,.

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11
Q

What is the Sneppen classification?

A

Talar body fractures!

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12
Q

What percentage of fractures of the talus involve the calcaneus?
Of these fractures, how many involve the joint?

A

60%

Of these fractures 75% of them involve the STJ.

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13
Q

What is mondors sign?

A

Plantar, rearfoot ecchymosis that is pathognomonic for calcaneal fractures

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14
Q

How is Bohler angle affected by calcaneal fractures?

A

Bohlers angle is decreased.

norm is 20-40 degrees

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15
Q

How is gissane angle affected by a calcaneal fracture?

A

Increases with intra-articular calcaneal fracture.

90-105 is normal

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16
Q

What fractures are commonly associated with calcaneal fractures?

A

Vertebral fractures specifically at the L1
Femoral neck fractures
tibial plateau fxs

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of injury of an anterior calcaneal process fracture?

A

Inversion with plantarflexion

Rowe IA

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18
Q

When can you tell the ATF is ruptured on the anterior drawer test?

A

When there is a 5-8 mm drawer

19
Q

When can you tell the calcaneofibular ligament is ruptured on the anterior drawer test?

A

When the anterior drawer is 10-15 mm

20
Q

When can you tell the ATF, Cf, and posterior talofibular ligaments are rupturd?

A

Anterior drawer test of >15 mm

21
Q

what angulation of the talar tilt test is pathologic?

What does it tell you?

A

More than 10 degrees of talar tilt is pathologic

It tells you that there is a rupture of the calcaneo fibular ligament.

22
Q

Describe the stress inversion test

A

checks the lateral ankle for tears of the CFL and ATFL

5 degrees of inversion = rupture of ATFL
10-30 degrees of inversion = rupture of ATFL + CFL

23
Q

What is the thompson test?

A

A positive test results when squeezing of the calf muscle does not plantarflex the foot.

24
Q

What is the Hoffa sign?

A

Increased dorsiflexion compared to the contralaterasl side with the inability to do a single leg heel raise.

Indicates an achilles tendon rupture.

25
Q

What is seen radiographically with an achilles tendon rupture?

A

Disruption of Kagers triangle

26
Q

Where in the achilles tendon is it most likely to rupture?

A

1.5-4 cm proximal to the calcaneal insertion.

27
Q

Pott fracture

A

bimalleolar ankle fracture

28
Q

Cotton fracture

A

Trimalleolar fracture

29
Q

Cedell fracture

A

Fracture of posterior medial process of the tibia

30
Q

Shepard fracture

A

Fracture of the posterior lateral process of the tibia

31
Q

What is a Foster fracture?

A

Entire posterior process of the talus

32
Q

What is a Bosworth fracture?

A

Lateral malleolar fracture with ankle displacement

33
Q

What is the most common mechanism of injury causing an ankle fracture?

A

SER

34
Q

What mechanism of action causes a transverse lateral malleolar fracture?

A

Supination Adduction

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action that causes a short oblique medial malleolar fracture?

A

SAD II

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action causing a short oblique lateral mal fracture? (AP view)

A

PAB III?

37
Q

What is the MOI causing a spiral, lateral malleolar fracture with a posterior spike?

A

SER II

38
Q

What is the MOI of a high ankle fracture?

A

PER III Maisonneuve fracture

39
Q

What is a Lauge Hansen type V?

A 
Pronation dorsiflexion!!
1 Vertical tibial malleolar tip fracture
2 Anterior tibial lip fracture
3 supramalleolar fib fracture
4 Transverse posterior tibia fracture level with proximal aspect of anterior tibial fracture.
40
Q

What is the indication for posterior malleolar fixation?

A

If the posterior malleolar fracture is greater than 255 of the articular surface area then it needs to be ORIF.

41
Q

What direction should syndesmotic screws be placed?

A

Approximately 30 degrees from the sagittal plane from posterior lateral to anterior medial

42
Q

Should transsyndesmotic screws be inserted with lag technique?

A

NO!!
These screws are to provide stability, not compression.
Insert the fully threaded cortical screws without overdrilling/underdrilling here across both cortices of the fibula and the lateral cortex of the tibia.

43
Q

What is a thurston holland sign?

A

Epiphysis is separated from the physis with the fracture extending into the metaphysis resulting in a triangular fracture fragment.

this is also known as the flag sign.

Stuff and Thangs (37 decks)

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